KRIJGT DE BIESBOSCH NOG EEN HART VOOR VOGELS?
Nederland kent twintig Nationale Parken. De eigenaren, beheerders en andere betrokkenen dragen er samen de verantwoordelijkheid voor de bescherming en ontwikkeling van de kwaliteit van de natuur. Als we ons richten op het huidige beleid en beheer van De Biesbosch, dan geeft dit reden tot zorg, met name de werkzaamheden in de Zuiderklip.
Zorg om kwaliteitsverlies
Zoals de pers al diverse malen berichtte, is er in de Zuiderklip met Europese subsidies een geul gegraven. Men is van plan de dijken die de polder beschermen spoedig door te steken, waarna het verontreinigde rivierwater binnen kan stromen. De achterliggende gedachte is dat bij hoog water een betere en snellere afvoer zal plaatsvinden van het rivierwater. Over het nut hiervan zijn de meningen verdeeld. Maar laten we eerst eens kijken naar de voorheen aanwezige waarde van de polder. Als we de kwaliteit beoordelen kijken we naar planten- en diersoorten die eisen stellen aan hun leefomgeving. Je zoekt naar zeldzame soorten die een toegevoegde waarde hebben voor het Nationale Park. De polders Turfzakken herbergden voorheen vele moeras- en watervogels. Het gebiedseigen water, gevoed door regen en kwel, vormde vanwege de vele waterorganismen voor deze vogels een rijke voedselbron. Eigen observaties en tellingen en die van anderen, geven aan dat dit gebied, voordat het graafwerk startte, belangrijk was voor o.a. de grote en kleine zilverreiger, de lepelaar, zomer- en wintertaling. Dit zijn vogels van de Rode Lijst, zeldzame soorten die extra bescherming verdienen. Ook broedden er rietvogels als rietzanger, rietgors, waterral en karekiet. Aangezien zoetwatermoerassen in Nederland schaars zijn, is dit een voor de hand liggende keuze als over de toekomst van het gebied nagedacht wordt. Het feit dat men bij de graafwerkzaamheden vele grote modderkruipers heeft gevonden, bevestigt dat er sprake was van een biotoop dat alleen kon bestaan dankzij de goede waterkwaliteit binnen de dijken.
Problemen buitendijks
Wat het buitendijkse watermilieu betreft wordt de Biesbosch in het PlanMER Beheerplan Rijkswateren 2010-2015 van 1 augustus 2008 vernoemd als Sense of Urgency: Gebieden waar de waterkwaliteit snel moet worden aangepakt. Dit begrip wordt toegekend indien binnen 10 jaar mogelijk onherstelbare schade ontstaat (met betrekking tot waterconditie of beheer). Met deze geconstateerde milieukwaliteit neemt het project Zuiderklip onnodige risico´s in het hart van het Vogel- en Habitatrichtlijngebied en Nationaal Park De Biesbosch. Aan het bestemmingsplan is goedkeuring onthouden en voor het project is nog altijd geen milieueffectrapport (MER) gemaakt en de Habitattoets is niet op de juiste wijze uitgevoerd. Niet voor niets hebben de West-Brabantse Vogelwerkgroep en de plaatselijke vereniging Madese Natuurvrienden hun bedenkingen geuit bij het huidige project.
Kerngebied
De Zuiderklip kan de natuurkern worden, die elk Nationaal Park nodig heeft. In potentie zou het de locatie kunnen zijn waar weer roerdompen, grote karekieten, zwarte sterns en lepelaars gaan broeden. Als het beleid en beheer daarop gericht wordt, kan het gebied een reservoirfunctie vervullen voor de omgeving op momenten dat er elders bedreigingen of verlies van populaties ontstaan.. Het is voor natuurkenners duidelijk dat de buitendijkse gebieden van de Biesbosch veel minder natuurwaarde hebben. Langs de Amer en in de kreken zien we vogels die we in elk stadspark tegenkomen.
René van Gils speurend naar vogels in de Biesbosch. Foto: C.Huijgens
Binnendijkse kansen
Kleine binnendijkse natuurpolders, zoals De Noorderplaat, De Kindem en de Lange Plaat, met dezelfde condities als gesloten Zuiderklippolders, zijn rijk aan natuur. De Zuiderklip is vele malen groter. Voor een heuse natuurkern hoeft hier niet veel meer te gebeuren. Een goede beheersing van het waterpeil en waterkwaliteit en een beheer gericht op ontwikkeling van rietvelden en moerassen. De graafmachines mogen verdwijnen. Voorwaarde is wel dat de dijken dicht blijven en de doorsteek aan de westzijde gesloten wordt. De verantwoordelijken voor het Nationaal Park dienen te streven naar een beleid dat gericht is op duurzaamheid en kwaliteit voor een gevarieerd en rijk leven. Dan pas maakt de Biesbosch haar status als Nationaal Park waar!
René van Gils
Contactpersoon Vogelbescherming Nederland
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