| 25-11-2015 | 01:10 uur |
WELKE KOERS KIEST MINISTER SCHULTZ?
De komende reactie van minister Schultz naar de Tweede Kamer op de uitkomst van de studie naar Plan Spaargaren kan de richting bepalen naar een klimaatbestendig Nederland. Als de afname van de minimum rivierafvoeren in de zomer blijft zoals voorspeld, dan is er met het huidige Deltaprogramma rond 2050 geen houden meer aan en bedreigt de algehele verzilting zowel de zoetwatereconomie als de drinkwatervoorziening. Wil Borm, van de Adviesgroep Borm & Huijgens, benadrukt in dit artikel het belang van zekerheid, waaraan Plan Spaargaren een grote bijdrage kan leveren.
Het visionaire Deltaplan, dat voorzag in een zoet Zeeuws merengebied met een overvloed aan zoet water, verdween indertijd deels uit beeld. De Oosterschelde bleef zout met getijden en de Grevelingen werd een zoutwatermeer. Een zoet Grevelingenmeer is echter op termijn zeer gunstig voor landbouw en industrie en om de algehele verzilting een halt toe te roepen. Mocht er iets mis gaan met het IJsselmeer, dan geeft een zoetwaterbuffer in het zuidwesten garanties voor de zoetwatervoorziening.
Na het lezen van de scherpe analyses van ir. W. Lases over de Zeeuwse verzilting wordt des te meer duidelijk waar het om draait. Wij raden u aan om hierover de vele deskundige artikelen van de afgelopen jaren in Waterforum Discussieforum eens na te lezen. Het zal u de ogen openen.
Het zoveelste Deltacongres
Op 5 november was het Nationaal Deltacongres wederom een ‘feel-good’ bijeenkomst. Propaganda en organisatie bleef immers in handen van de samenstellers van het Deltaprogramma zelf. Samenhang ontbrak in de verstrekte folders over ‘Leven in de Nederlandse Delta’, die alle vermelden dat het reageren op de onvoorspelbaarheid het leven in de delta zo boeiend en stoer maakt. Dat klinkt spannend, maar zekerheid is zoveel beter. Zolang er geen landelijke eenheid in verziltingbeleid is en duurzaamheid te wensen over laat, schiet het Deltaprogramma schromelijk tekort wat betreft waterveiligheid en zoetwatervoorziening.
Schuiven met resterend zoetwater
Zo achten de beleidsmakers de buffer aan zoetwater op het Haringvliet en Hollands Diep wel voldoende, maar merkwaardig genoeg weerhoudt het hen niet om met een Kierbesluit weer zoutwater op het Haringvliet te brengen, waardoor tegendraads inlaatpunten voor zoetwater naar het oosten worden verplaatst. Verder is men voornemens het Volkerak-Zoommeer (VZM) te verzilten en komen diverse eilanden aan het zoetwaterinfuus via aanvoer door de Roode Vaart. De voorlopige besparing van 25 m3/s aan zoetwater door een zout VZM komt ten goede aan Midden en West Nederland. Een druppel op een gloeiende plaat en weinig zinnig. Temeer daar deze regio zelf planologisch de tering niet naar de nering zet met betrekking tot het zoetwaterverbruik. Door uitbreidingswijken te blijven plannen en realiseren in dit gebied, waar polders rond de kernen nogal eens op – 5m N.A.P. liggen, wordt door onderbemaling zout water aangetrokken en dat vergt op zijn beurt weer meer en meer zoetwater. Daarnaast vraagt de strijd om het veen te beschermen om veel zoetwater. Er wordt hier al lang een achterhoedegevecht geleverd tegen verzilting, terwijl de zoutwaterdruk evident is met de ligging beneden de zeespiegel. Het zou veel logischer zijn om zich er voor te bereiden op echte verzilting of op het onder (zoet)water zetten. Dat zou veel kunnen besparen.
Een einde aan de zoetwaterverspilling
Het meest effectief is echter Plan Spaargaren, dat de aanleg van zeesluizen in de splitsing van de Oude en Nieuwe Maas omvat en zo de Nieuwe Waterweg aan de oostzijde afsluit. Dit maakt een einde aan het grootschalig zoetwaterverlies. Kennisopbouw door inzicht, onderzoek en betrouwbare gegevens zijn onmisbaar. Dat pleit voor het huidige onderzoek naar Plan Spaargaren. Gezien de vele onzekerheden (in metingen, aannames of modellen) kiest Plan Spaargaren voor een robuuste veiligheidsfilosofie en tevens extra baten voor de buitendijkse gebieden en de zoetwatervoorziening. Deze hoofdkeuze heeft invloed op het hele landelijk watersysteem en is de sleutel tot een klimaatbestendig Nederland. Plan Spaargaren creëert een omvangrijke zoetwaterbuffer. Met zeesluizen worden de bordjes in de delta verhangen en de mogelijkheden en duurzaamheid van het Deltaprogramma aanzienlijk vergroot.
Herziening Deltaprogramma
Alleen preventief beleid, in het verlengde van de Zuiderzeewerken en de Deltawerken, is de juiste aanpak. Wat betekent dat voor het huidige Deltaprogramma en de deltabeslissingen? Ook al zijn de bestaande rapporten nog zo zwaarwegend, is er na jaren consensus bereikt en wordt de inspraak vakkundig afgewimpeld, dan nog dient er een streep gehaald te worden door plannen die averechts of overbodig zijn. Uiteraard zal men een deel van de projecten kunnen herzien in een integraal kader en afstemmen op de lange termijn.
In het Projectenboek 2016 van de Unie van Waterschappen staan overigens vele nuttige projecten, die in het kader van het Hoogwaterbeschermingsprogramma zonder meer uitgevoerd kunnen worden. Het werk hoeft dus niet stil te liggen.
Vakmensen aan het roer
Wanneer alle voordelen van zeesluizen bij de diverse belangenorganisaties bekend zijn én onderkend worden kan Plan Spaargaren rekenen op een breed maatschappelijk draagvlak. Welvaart en milieu plukken er de vruchten van. Ook telt hierbij onze mondiale verantwoordelijkheid. De hoeveelheid verbouwbare grond op aarde is beperkt. Door effectief gebruik ervan kan de toenemende wereldbevolking gevoed worden. Tekorten aan zoetwater nemen wereldwijd toe. Nederland kan als exportland van zoetwater een belangrijke rol gaan vervullen.
Het wordt hoog tijd dat vakmensen met fundamentele kennis van waterveiligheid en zoetwatervoorziening sturing gaan geven aan het Waterschap Nederland en dat ze op basis van gericht onderzoek en integrale afwegingen komen tot verantwoorde besluiten. Dit vraagt om een effectieve reorganisatie van de leiding, de koers en de werkwijze van het Deltaprogramma.
De koers van minister Schultz
Wij gaan er van uit dat de minister als eerste de voordelen van het Plan Spaargaren gaat omarmen en daarmee het startschot geeft voor een radicale koerswijziging van het Deltaprogramma. Zij heeft daarbij de onvoorwaardelijke en brede steun nodig van de Tweede Kamer. Laten we erop vertrouwen dat de vorig jaar met grote meerderheid aangenomen motie Geurts een positief vervolg krijgt. De Adviesgroep Borm & Huijgens is optimistisch.
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