| 13-03-2015 | 19:30 uur |
(NATTE/ZOUTE) DROOM OF NACHTMERRIE – 22
Voedselschaarste Oosterschelde
De landsregering heeft de “ontwerp-rijksstructuurvisie Grevelingen en Volkerak-Zoommeer” vastgesteld en daarmee het voornemen kenbaar gemaakt een beperkt getij terug te brengen in het Volkerak-Zoommeer en deze wateren op termijn te verzilten.
Het (basisvoedsel) de nutriëntengehalten zoals nitraten en fosfaten dalen al tientallen jaren in de Europese kustwateren en dus ook in de Oosterschelde. De hoofdoorzaak van die daling is dat vanaf de jaren zeventig de Europese landen op grote schaal rioolwaterzuiveringsinstallaties zijn gaan bouwen en er vrijwel geen ongezuiverde lozingen meer zijn op oppervlaktewateren. Toen was het hard nodig dat die rioolwaterzuiveringsinstallaties er kwamen want de vervuiling door riolen was ontzettend en een bedreiging voor al het leven in onze wateren en voor de volksgezondheid. Maar die ongezuiverde lozingen bevatten wel grote hoeveelheden nutriënten die het voedsel waren voor de onderkant van de voedselketen. Het lijkt er op dat het zuiveren is doorgeschoten en er feitelijk een tekort is ontstaan aan deze nutriënten. Tal van micro-organismen hebben te weinig te eten en als zij te weinig te eten hebben dan daalt de biomassa in de Oosterschelde en daarmee de beschikbaarheid van voedsel voor tal van vissoorten zoals wijting, dikkoppen en kabeljauw die weer tot voedsel dienen voor de bruinvissen en de zeehonden. Ook de omvangrijke schelpdierenteelt begraast de afgenomen biomassa aan micro-organismen. In de zomer van 2014 werden hierover vragen over gesteld in de staten van Zeeland.
Nu hoor je geluiden dat verzilting van het Volkerak-Zoommeer hier de oplossing voor is. Dat is slechts ten dele waar. Natuurlijk is het zo dat het water van het Volkerak-Zoommeer nu nog rijker is aan nutriënten dan het water van de Oosterschelde. Maar een getijdeslag op het Volkerak-Zoommeer van enkele decimeters zal niet tot een relevante toename leiden van de hoeveelheid nutriënten in de Oosterschelde. Terwijl al jaren ook de hoeveelheid nutriënten in het Volkerak-Zoommeer dalende is. Wat voor de Oosterschelde de oplossing kan zijn is het soepeler omgaan met de rigide wetgeving op rioollozingen. Beperkte lozingen van huishoudelijk rioolwater kan hier een oplossing zijn. Wetten en verordeningen verbieden dat echter. Ook de beheersing van de risico’s verbonden aan bijvoorbeeld de voedselveiligheid ten aanzien van commerciële visvangst en de mosselteelt spelen hiermee. Helder moet zijn dat aan alle maatregelen die we in het verleden hebben genomen, buiten voordelen, ook nadelen zitten. Dat betreft de afsluitingen van de zeegaten en de compartimentering, maar ook aan het zuiveren van al het rioolwater. Als straks alles voldoet aan de Kader Richtlijn Water dan zal blijken dat we het kind (rijke visgronden voor de kust en bloeiende mosselcultures) met het waswater hebben weggegooid en dat de rol van de Oosterschelde als kraamkamer vrijwel stil is gevallen. Het wordt tijd voor meer integraal denken in plaats van hapsnap oplossingen voor een deelbelang/deelprobleem. Het wordt misschien wel tijd voor wat ‘woeste gedachten’ zoals het bemesten van de Oosterschelde met bijvoorbeeld rioolslip uit een selecte groep van zuiveringsinstallaties (bijvoorbeeld waar we zeker van zijn dat er uitsluitend huishoudelijk afvalwater opgeloosd is). Hier is misschien wel geld te besparen in plaats van de uitgave van honderden miljoenen aan de verzilting van het Vokerak-Zoommeer.
Louis van der Kallen
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