| 19-11-2015 | 14:15 uur |
Als waterschapsbestuurder denk ik vaak na over de toekomst en de problemen waarvoor we in de (nabije) toekomst gesteld zouden kunnen worden. De verbetering van de behandeling van water heeft in Nederland globaal vanaf 1880 een enorme verlaging van de sterftecijfers als gevolg van infectieziekten gegeven.
De aanleg van drinkwaterleidingen, de aanpak van afvalwaterzuivering en de kwaliteitsverbetering van (zwem)wateren heeft een forse bijdrage geleverd aan de terugdringing van infectieziektes. Na de oorlog kwam daar de ontwikkeling en het gebruik van antibiotica bij. Nu zien we steeds vaker de uitbraak van infectieziekten veroorzaakt door resistente bacteriestammen. De wetenschap wijst voor de oorzaak daarvan op het vaak overmatig en ondoelmatig gebruik van antibiotica.
In 2013 is verschenen “het einde van de antibiotica” van Rinke van den Brink. De schrijver schetst een weinig aantrekkelijk toekomstbeeld als het gaat over de effectieve aanpak van infectieziekten. Oorzaak is het ontstaan van multiresistente bacteriestammen. Vooral in landen die per hoofd van de bevolking een grote consumptie van antibiotica kennen, zoals India, Griekenland en Italië is het voorkomen van multiresistente bacteriën reeds een groot probleem. In Nederland is het humane gebruik van antibiotica relatief laag. Maar het gebruik in de veeteelt fors.
Recent is er naar aanleiding van een Engels onderzoek een artikel verschenen dat bij mij als waterschapsbestuurder de alarmbellen deed rinkelen. In een heel grijs verleden heb ik mij in een hobbystudie (medisch leerling analist) een aantal grondbeginselen eigen gemaakt van bacteriologie. Hierdoor realiseerde ik me gelijk dat de uitkomsten van het Engelse onderzoek betekenis kan hebben voor de huidige zuiveringsmethode. Feitelijk zuiveren wij afvalwater bij een wat hogere temperatuur in een zuurstofrijk en voedselrijk milieu en dat afvalwater bevat zowel veel bacteriën als antibiotica c.q. restanten daarvan in lage doseringen. Die omgeving is ideaal voor bacteriën om zich te vermenigvuldigen en een resistentie tegen antibiotica te ontwikkelingen.
Gelukkig is dit probleem reeds onderkend en is het Stowa een tweetal onderzoeken gestart om dit ‘probleem’ in kaart te brengen, te weten: rol afvalwaterketen in verspreiding van antibioticaresistentie en antibiotica resistentie en afvalwaterbehandeling.
Resistente bacteriën is een groeiend probleem dat mogelijk zal moeten leiden tot andere of aangepaste zuiveringsmethoden van afvalwater. Voor nu betekent het wat mij betreft bestuurlijke steun aan voornoemde onderzoeken en het besef dat bij investeringen in de zuiveringen van het waterschap steeds bedacht moet worden wat kunnen we nu reeds doen om het probleem aan te pakken en wat zijn de mogelijke consequenties van deze investeringen voor de toekomst van onze zuiveringen?
Louis van der Kallen
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