| 29-06-2018 | 11.00 uur |
OVER WATER – 143: 1e CONGRES HITTESTRESS
Jarenlang leken al mijn betogen en artikelen over hittestress geroep in een volstrekt lege woestijn. In Over Water 141 vermeldde ik al dat in het praktijkseminar “de implementatie van klimaatadaptatie in steden en regio’s” op de WUR campus te Wageningen één van de sprekers ook ‘sterfte’ als één van de gevolgen van hittestress noemde. Op 25 juni was er het 1e congres Hittestress in Den Bosch met als dagvoorzitter Helga van Leur en als sprekers:
– Cora van Nieuwenhuizen, de minister van infrastructuur en waterstaat, die vertelde over de nationale aanpak van klimaatadaptatievraagstukken
– Jan Terlouw, die inspirerend sprak over de opwarming van de aarde en de rol van de mensheid daarin en, mits wij mensen samen zouden werken, optimistisch was over de mogelijkheden tot aanpak van de problematiek
– Gerard van der Steenhoven, de hoofddirecteur van het KNMI die, net als de minister, hittestress een sluipmoordenaar noemde.
Het is helder: ik ben geen roepende in de woestijn meer als ik over de oversterfte praat die hittestress veroorzaakt. Hittestress is dodelijk. De minister kwantificeerde het zelfs door te vermelden dat de hittegolf in 2003 zelfs een oversterfte veroorzaakte van 12%, 1400 extra doden.
Dit 1e Hittestress congres is beoogd agenderend te zijn, zo vertelde de dagvoorzitter. Ik denk dat het met deze sprekers ook agenderend kan zijn. Hoewel ik graag zou zien dat niet alleen de hittegolf van 2003 gememoreerd wordt, maar dat ook de hittegolf van 1976, die bijna een zomer duurde, in het vervolg gememoreerd zal worden. Een zomer die in West-Europa zorgde voor een enorme oversterfte, een forse daling van de productiviteit, een verdubbeling van de prijzen van vers voedsel, meer bedrijfsongevallen, ernstige problemen met het transport over water en als gevolg daarvan bedrijfssluitingen. Een studie naar die zomer kan de bestuurlijke geesten rijp maken voor een voortvarende aanpak van hittestress. Geïnteresseerd in die zomer? Kijk dan eens naar het filmpje: “De hondsdagen van 1976″.
Ik werd getroffen door het besef dat de dromen en doelstellingen van mensen zo enorm kunnen veranderen. Toen ik geboren werd was de verwachting van mensen in mijn omgeving dat hun kinderen het beter zouden krijgen dan zij. Ze dachten oprecht dat zij de wereld beter zouden achter laten dan toen zij geboren werden. Toen kwam Brundtland (1987) en werd het begrip duurzaam de wereld in geslingerd (we zouden de wereld niet slechter achterlaten, dan we die wereld hadden aangetroffen). Helga van Leur formuleerde het tijdens het congres zo: “de jeugd heeft recht op een wereld die zich kan herstellen”. Enerzijds misschien al een hoge ambitie, anderzijds lijken die woorden ook een (tijdelijke) acceptatie in te houden van de huidige verslechtering van de situatie.
Jan Terlouw zei dat de biodiversiteit nog slechts 15 % is van wat die in 1900 was. Ik weet niet of hij gelijk heeft, maar zelfs als de verslechtering maar de helft daar van is kunnen we dat, in ons leven, niet accepteren. Natuurlijk wil ik bij mijn verscheiden een wereld achter laten die zich kan herstellen. Maar nog meer hebben wij (mijn generatie) de plicht daar nu een bijdrage aan te leveren. Jan Terlouw zei aan het einde van zijn verhaal dat hij hoopte dat er geen ramp hoeft te gebeuren om het bewustzijn tot noodzakelijke verandering te doen ontwaken. Hij riep op tot samenwerking.
Het viel mij op dat veel bezoekers aan dit congres een GGD achtergrond hadden. Klaarblijkelijk is in die kringen de effecten van hittestress op de volksgezondheid stevig doorgedrongen. Toch ben ik nog lang niet tevreden over het bewustzijn van de effecten van hittestress en de klimaatveranderingen. Overheden en politici denken nog steeds dat met wat maatregelen de problemen snel en definitief oplosbaar zijn. Dat blijkt uit hun woordgebruik dat gericht is op geruststellen in plaats van bewust maken. Woorden als klimaatbestendig en hittebestendig en veilige dijken laten zien dat ze denken dat, als iets aan de normen voldoet (wat die ook mogen zijn voor klimaat- of hittebestendig), het probleem is opgelost. Wat zijn voor politici veilige dijken? In Zuid-Holland was dat als de kansen op een overstroming eens in de 10.000 jaar zijn. In West-Brabant eens in de 1250 jaar. In Geertruidenberg eens in de 3000 jaar en in sommige delen van de Maasvallei eens in de 250 jaar. Er zijn geen absoluut veilige dijken. Net zo min als er klimaatbestendige of hittebestendige steden zullen zijn. Tegen de echte extremen hebben we, met de kennis van nu, voor nu en voor de nabije toekomst geen oplossingen. Maar we kunnen onze leefomgeving wel met tal van maatregelen klimaat- en hittebestendiger maken. Om met Jan Terlouw te spreken samen kunnen we dat.
In het congres waren tal van werkbijeenkomsten. Ik ben er zelf naar twee geweest. “hoe kan water in de stad bijdragen aan verkoeling” gepresenteerd door het http://climatelier.net/ en naar “ontwerprichtlijnen voor de klimaatadaptieve stad”. De laatste ging vrijwel uitsluitend over vergroening van de bebouwde omgeving en de groene invulling van de openbare ruimte. Ik miste daar de aandacht voor het effect van de materiaalkeuze op de opwarming van de gebouwde omgeving. Ook het effect van kleurkeuzen werd niet genoemd. Geen enkele van de 28 werkbijeenkomsten ging over die twee onderwerpen. Ik vond dat een gemiste kans. Nu hoop ik maar dat materiaal- en kleurkeuzes op het eerstvolgende hittecongres wel aan bod komen. Dan hoop ik ook dat op één van de hogescholen of universiteiten, die bezig zijn met onderzoek naar klimaatadaptatie en hittestress, de zomer van 1976 in al zijn facetten is onderzocht. Dat onderzoek zou dan wel eens de ramp in beeld gebracht kunnen hebben, die politici in heel West-Europa er toe brengt niet meer te talmen maar aan de slag te gaan.
Louis van der Kallen
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