| 29-12-2018 | 17.30 uur |
OVER WATER – 169: WATERPROBLEMEN UIT DE ‘OUDE DOOS’
Gekalkte dakpannen werden in de oestercultuur gebruikt om het zg. oesterbroed op te vangen.
Recent heb ik de hand kunnen leggen op RIZA jaarverslagen uit 1931 tot en met 1937 met onderzoeken “naar den toestand van openbare wateren” in Nederland. Ze bevatten een schat van informatie, ook over het werkgebied waarvoor ik een bijzondere aandacht heb het huidige waterschap Brabantse Delta.
Over de jaren 1936 en 1937 werd in één jaarverslag verslag gedaan. Van onderstaande voorbeelden heb ik het juiste jaar van handeling dan ook niet vast kunnen stellen. Het college van B&W van Halsteren vroegen advies over “een plan tot afvoer van hemelwater en huishoudwater, afkomstig van een gedeelte van den Rijksweg Bergen op Zoom – Tholen door het waterschap de Polders van Halsteren naar de Ooster Schelde.” Teneinde het rioolwater te kunnen bergen bij hoog water zou vóór de lozing een spuikom worden aangebracht. Er werd een positief advies afgegeven “indien de gemeente Halsteren bereid zou zijn tot het treffen van maatregelen voor het onschadelijk maken van het rioolwater, voorzoover gewenscht in verband met de oestercultuur, indien ook de gemeente Bergen op Zoom zou overgaan tot het nemen van analoge voorzieningen.” Van hogerhand werden de gemeenten toen gedwongen tot samenwerking.
B&W van de voormalige gemeente ‘s-Gravemoer vroeg goedkeuring voor de demping en riolering van een sloot langs het Emmalaantje. “Waar hierdoor een onooglijke en stinkende sloot, evenals niet minder walgingwekkende open afvoergreppels van woonpercelen zouden verdwijnen.” De goedkeuring werd verkregen hoewel de ongezuiverde lozing op de aan eb en vloed onderhevige haven in stand bleef. De haven werd in 1950 gedempt.
In dit jaarverslag werd uitgebreid aandacht besteed aan de proeven met biologische nazuivering te Tilburg. Een juvenaat te Tilburg met 300 inwoners vroeg advies omdat de Tilburgse Waterleiding maatschappij bezwaren van “hygiënischen” aard had tegen infiltratie van afvalwater in den bodem binnen het beheersgebied van haar grondwaterwinplaats bij toepassing van bevloeiing. De oplossing bleek een kleine installatie volgens Emscher-brunnen en lozing op de Donge. De gemeente Gilze en Rijen werd geadviseerd een zuiveringsinrichting te bouwen aan de Hoekstraat.
In het verslag wordt veel aandacht besteed aan de vele klachten, in meer dan 20 jaar, over de vervuiling van de Mark door “den ongelimiteerden afvoer van vloeibaar vuil”. De voornaamste veroorzakers worden met name genoemd. Niet alleen de gemeenten Breda, Princenhage, Ginneken en Teteringen maar ook bedrijven zoals de Hollandse Kunstzijde Industrie (HKI), de suikerfabrieken Wittouck, Stampersgat en Zevenbergen. Hierbij veroorzaakten de sulfaten (HKI) door biologische omzettingen naar sulfide en zwavelwaterstof vooral de stank. De in 1930, naar aanleiding van de klachten, ingestelde Mark commissie stelde in een rapport de oprichting van een “afvalwaterschap” voor wat zou moeten leiden tot een centralisatie en zuivering van het ‘vloeibare vuil’. Locatie advies: benedenstrooms van Breda, even ten noorden van den Belcrumpolder. Het zou nog vele jaren duren voordat er een “afvalwaterschap” zou komen. Breda en omgeving was goed in het niet oplossen van problemen. In Over Water 164 schreef ik al: “De moderne tijd liet, rond Breda, nog even op zich wachten.” Ondanks de vele klachten en de ingestelde Mark commissie werd er niet echt haast gemaakt.
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