Bergen op Zoom, 6 februari 2007
Aan het Staatssecretaris van
Verkeer en Waterstaat
per e-mail: [email protected]
Geachte Staatssecretaris,
Uit een krantenbericht in BN/De Stem van 26 januari 2007 begrijp ik dat het bestuurlijk overleg voor het Krammer-Volkerak-Zoommeer aan U gaat vragen of het verzouten nader onderzocht mag worden.
Ik wil U wijzen op de gevolgen van verzouten voor de zoetwatervoorziening.
Water Beheer 21ste eeuw (Commissie Tielrooij) gaat niet alleen over een te veel aan water, maar behandelt nadrukkelijk ook de beschikbaarheid in relatie met de behoefte aan zoet water.
Door de ontwikkelingen in klimaat, bodemdaling en zeespiegelstijging, alsmede veranderingen in het beheer en gebruik van de bodem, veranderen de beschikbaarheid en de behoefte aan zoet water. WB21 zegt daar op een aantal plaatsen iets over. Het meest markant en helder op pagina 72 van het basisrapport: “Specifiek voor Laag Nederland speelt het probleem van de verzilting. Door de zeespiegelstijging en de bodemdaling neemt de verzilting toe in de lage polders langs de kust in Zuidwest Nederland, achter de Hollandse duinenrij.
Dit zal consequenties hebben voor het grondgebruik, met name voor landbouw en natuur.
Door toenemende verzilting en drogere zomers zal de vraag naar zoet water voor doorspoeling en beregening in West Nederland toenemen.
De aanvoer van zoet water zal echter juist afnemen. In Zuidwest Nederland zal de beschikbaarheid van zoet water in toenemende mate een knelpunt worden voor de daar aanwezige glastuinbouw, vollegronds-tuinbouw, bollenteelt en ook de akkerbouw.
De commissie wil daarom aandringen op het aanleggen van zoetwatervoorraden binnen de regio’s. Ook de verdeling van rivierwater over diverse watervragers verdient een kritische afweging”, einde citaat WB21.
Er dreigt dus een zoetwater tekort voor grote delen van het beneden rivierengebied in de toekomst. De huidige watertoevoer van het Lek-Waal-Maas-systeem gaat, ingeval van normale en geringe toevoer, vrijwel uitsluitend via de Nieuwe Waterweg naar de Noordzee. Onvoldoende wordt er beseft, dat de rivierafvoeren in de zomer af zullen nemen ten opzichte van wat we gewend zijn. De zomers in West Europa worden de laatste jaren droger en de verwachting van klimatologen is dat dit proces van klimaatverandering doorgaat.
Niet alleen de Maasafvoer vermindert in de zomer, ook het karakter van de Rijn verandert. Door het proces van terugtrekkende gletschers (reeds ca. 100 jaren aan de gang, maar de afgelopen decennia versnellend) wordt de Rijn steeds meer regen- en steeds minder smeltrivier en daardoor minder afvoer in de zomer.
Het proces van minder afvoer wordt in toenemende mate versterkt door een ander gebruik van het rivierwater. Niet alleen in Nederland zal steeds meer grondwatergebruik voor drinkwater en industrie omgezet worden in water gewonnen uit de rivier en andere oppervlaktewateren.
Ook bovenstrooms gaat dit proces door. Ook de landbouw zal door de drogere zomers meer water uit de rivieren betrekken. Kortom, het is zeer de vraag hoeveel water minimaal onze grenzen zal bereiken. Met name de waterverdeling van de Rijn, IJssel, Lek en Waal kan vanwege de eisen van de scheepvaart de hoeveelheid water voor het doorspoelen van onze wateren wel eens (ver) onder het vereiste minimum drukken.
Tot zover de schets van het waterbeslag, die duidelijk maakt dat het zomers knijpen wordt om, zonder hydrologische ingrepen, de huidige watervoorziening voor scheepvaart, industrie, landbouw en drinkwater zeker te stellen. Voldoende zoet water op ieder moment is geen vanzelfsprekende zaak.
Met dit toekomstbeeld gaat desondanks het Haringvliet op een kier met als gevolg meer zoet water wat anders dan via de Nieuwe Waterweg naar zee gaat. Als dan ook de sluizen opengaan richting Krammer/Volkerak/Zoommeer met nog meer zoetwaterverlies, denk ik dat het in de toekomst des zomers wel eens goed spaak zou kunnen lopen met grote zoetwater-tekorten en problemen voor de scheepvaart.
Wie, wat wordt dan het slachtoffer? Welke maatregelen zullen dan weggegooid geld blijken?
Beter zou het zijn om het rapport WB21 serieus te nemen.
De tot op heden onderzochte varianten geven aan, althans volgens de onderzoekers, dat binnen het ‘zoete water’ er geen afdoende oplossingen te vinden zouden zijn.
Blauwalgen, waar overleven zij? In de diepte! In een eerdere systeembeschrijving komt men tot de conclusie dat de bodem van het meer ernstig verontreinigd is en gesaneerd moet worden Combineer dit gegeven met de doelstelling het meer zodanig in te richten dat de winteroverlevingskans van de blauwalgen daalt. Vul de diepten (meer dan 6 meter) buiten de vaargeul op, zodat in de winter de algen niet kunnen overleven in diepten die niet doorspoelen en in de winter te weinig afkoelen. Egaliseer diepten in de vaargeul, zodat overal de doorstroming geoptimaliseerd wordt. Verdiep ontdiepten tot circa 6 meter, zodat opwarming minder snel plaatsvindt en daardoor de bloei in de zomer wordt geremd.
Waarom wordt de problematiek zo beperkt bekeken, terwijl met het vorenstaande (de diepten) zo veel andere mogelijkheden binnen het bereik liggen. Waarom wordt uitgegaan van de huidige diepte- en breedteprofielen? Waarom combineert men de behoefte aan nieuwe terreinen voor bijvoorbeeld de industrie niet met de aanpak van de diepteprofielen door bijvoorbeeld 1.000 ha. op te spuiten voor industrievestiging nabij industrieterrein Dintelmond.
Dan hoeft het industrieterrein Moerdijk niet uitgebreid en kunnen de werkzaamheden betaald worden door de uitgifte van nieuwe gronden. Waar is de Hollandse mentaliteit van landaanwinning als oplossing van veel van onze problemen?
Met verdere aanvullende maatregelen, zoals:
– Weg met de Hooglanders, meer ganzen zullen komen (die vinden de knolletjes lekker) met als nevengevolg minder ganzenvraat buiten het gebied
– Meer helofyten met als gevolg meer snoeken die de plantenetende vissen uitdunnen
– Meer doorspoeling met voedselarmer water (Hollandsch Diep)
– Vermindering overlevingskans door meer doorspoelbare diepten
is veel te bereiken.
Behoudt dit zoete meer, dat voor de landbouw van onschatbare waarde is!
Verzilting is voor de landbouw een bedreiging, maar ook voor veel bouwwerken. Zoute lucht, zoute kwel en zout water zijn zeer corroderend. Van Tielrooij’s WB 21 geeft het belang van zoet water in dit gebied nadrukkelijk aan. Zij hebben het waterbeleid voor de 21ste eeuw integraal bekeken.
Ik hoop dat U na wilt denken over de door mij geschetste oer Hollandse oplossingen. Landaanwinning en baggeren, profijtelijk en werkzaam!
Met de meeste hoogachting,
L.H. van der Kallen
c.c. GS Noord-Brabant [email protected]
GS Zeeland [email protected]
media
statenfracties Noord Brabant
statenfracties Zeeland
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