OP WEG NAAR EEN GEZONDE ZUIDWESTELIJKE DELTA
W. Borm en C. Huijgens april 2009
Probleemstelling
Het merendeel van het rivierwater stroomt boven Brabant naar het westen en zo´n 15 procent gaat langs de Veluwe naar het IJsselmeer. Om de indring van zout via de Nieuwe Waterweg tegen te gaan wordt hier zo´n 70 tot 80 % van de totale rivierafvoer in zee geloosd. Wanneer het niet lukt, krijgt het Haringvliet te maken met achterwaartse verzilting en worden innamepunten van zoet water onbruikbaar.
Op jaarbasis gaat hier een gigantische hoeveelheid kostbaar zoet water verloren, water dat we veel beter kunnen gebruiken. Een gezonde Zuidwestelijke Delta krijgt op deze wijze geen enkele kans.
Met het oog op een toekomstig zoetwatertekort is er een Nationale Verdringingsreeks opgesteld. Op de vierde en laatste plaats staan scheepvaart, landbouw, natuur, industrie, waterrecreatie en binnenvisserij. Zij zullen als eersten moeten inleveren. De belangrijkste landelijke wateropgaven zijn intussen in beeld gebracht.
Een wateropgave is een geconstateerd probleem dat opgelost moet worden. De Zuidwestelijke Delta en het IJsselmeergebied vertonen de meeste problemen. Vooral de rivieropwaartse invloed van de zee lijkt niet te stoppen. Ook de Randstad heeft het niet gemakkelijk. Zij kampt onder meer met verzilting, risicotoename, bodemdaling en piekafvoeren.
Een overstroming van de Randstad zou voor lange tijd onze economie ontwrichten. Om de Randstad in tijden van nood veilig te stellen wordt een Afsluitbaar Open Rijnmond voorgesteld. Bij extreem hoge rivierafvoeren gaat het Rijnmondgebied potdicht en al het water mag geheel door de Zuidwestelijke Delta worden opgevangen. Die is hier niet op berekend en het water hoopt zich op boven West-Brabant.
Een stappenplan
De getoonde opstapeling van problemen en sommige lapmiddelen hebben bij ons de uitspraak uitgelokt. “Stop met die flauwekul! Pak het goed aan.”
Met de stijging van het zeeniveau wordt het op termijn voor de veiligheid van de Randstad onvermijdelijk dat er sluizen in de Nieuwe Waterweg komen. Waarom, met dat toekomstbeeld, nu al niet het besluit genomen die sluizen aan te brengen? Zodra die sluizen er zijn, is er voldoende zoet water voor een gezonde Nederlandse waterhuishouding.
Een tweede stap is een herziene zoetwaterverdeling over het hoofdwatersysteem. Hiervoor is een centrale regie nodig. Voor elke stroomroute kunnen het minimum, het maximum toelaatbare en de optimale capaciteit worden vastgesteld. Nu zullen de piekafvoeren vrijwel geheel door de Zuidwestelijke Delta opgevangen moeten worden. Laten we hopen dat de maximale opvangcapaciteit en spuimogelijkheden voldoende blijken.
Wanneer bekend is in hoeverre de waterverdeling door de regelkranen gegarandeerd kan worden, kunnen de regionale stuurgroepen gaan werken aan de samenhangende deelplannen.
Een gesloten kering blokkeert de scheepvaart en stuurt alle rivierwater naar de Zuidwestelijke Delta. Bij een open Maeslantkering krijgt zoutindring een kans en gaan gigantische hoeveelheden zoet water verloren. Zeesluizen achter deze kering geven niet alleen extra veiligheid, maar ook getijloze zoete havens en helpen om de gecombineerde wateropgave voor de Randstad op te lossen.
Met voldoende zoet water is veel mogelijk
Planvorming en belangenbehartiging loopt regelmatig vast door de beperkte of wisselende beschikbaarheid van zoet water. We tonen nu een mogelijk inrichtingsvoorstel voor de Zuidwestelijke Delta, dat we toelichten op
Veiligheid
Duurzaam en gezond
Economische belangen
Veiligheid
Met een doorsteek door Goeree-Overflakkee kan de gehele Zuidwestelijke Delta (op de Westerschelde na) ingezet worden als noodberging en zijn er drie spuimonden beschikbaar om zodra het mogelijk is het overtollig water te lozen. Het water in het Hollandsch Diep kan veel langer doorstromen.
Dit is nodig om de maatregelen van RvR te laten werken en piekafvoeren op te vangen. Door de verlengde route naar zee, komt de zee relatief verder weg te liggen en wordt de landinwaartse invloed van zee teruggedrongen.
Duurzaam en gezond
De kwaliteit van de nu nog geïsoleerde deltawateren zal door doorstroming verbeteren. Het water mag langzaam meanderend wegvloeien en natuurlijke processen mogen duurzaam voortgaan. De ecologische relatie tussen zee en rivieren wordt hersteld middels geleidelijke overgangen van zoet naar zout in een blijvende estuariene dynamiek. Trekvissen kunnen het jaarrond de rivieren bereiken en de rivieren kunnen eindelijk de ruggengraat gaan vormen van de ecologische hoofdstructuur.
Economische belangen
Visserij en recreatie varen er wel bij. De Oosterschelde blijft zout en de door het water meegevoerde voedingsstoffen verbeteren de situatie voor schelpdierculturen. De zoetwatervoorraden van het Haringvliet en aan de Brabantse zijde blijven behouden. Het Waterschap Brabantse Delta kan onder vrij verval blijven afwateren.
De verzilting wordt een halt toegeroepen en de Rijn-Schelde Corridor blijft zoet en getijloos. Met een dergelijke indeling wordt het streefbeeld voor de Zuidwestelijke Delta uit het concept Nationaal Waterplan werkelijkheid.
Een alliantie voor een gezonde delta
De aanleg van zeesluizen in de Nieuwe Waterweg vormt de sleutel voor een samenhangend en succesvol Nationaal Waterplan. Wanneer we tot een breed consortium komen, dat een eenduidige mening laten horen als inspraakreactie op het ontwerp Nationaal Waterplan, dan hoeft de Zuidwestelijke Delta niet alleen de piekafvoeren voor heel Nederland te verwerken, maar mag ze ook ecologisch en economisch gezond te worden.
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