| 23-11-2014 | 13.30 uur |
(NATTE/ZOUTE) DROOM OF NACHTMERRIE – 6
De honger naar zoet water
De landsregering heeft de “ontwerp-rijksstructuurvisie Grevelingen en Volkerak-Zoommeer” vastgesteld en daarmee het voornemen kenbaar gemaakt een beperkt getij terug te brengen in het Volkerak-Zoommeer en deze wateren op termijn te verzilten. Door de verzilting van laag Nederland is steeds meer zoet water nodig. Nu wordt de schuld gegeven aan zaken die we niet of nauwelijks kunnen beïnvloeden zoals de klimaatverandering en de stijgende zeespiegel. Maar is dat het werkelijke of hele verhaal?
Ik weet zeker van niet! Reeds in de rapporten: “De toekomstige drinkwater voorziening van Nederland van de centrale commissie voor drinkwatervoorziening 1965” en “De waterhuishouding van Nederland” samengesteld door Rijkswaterstaat 1968, wordt nadrukkelijk een andere oorzaak in beeld gebracht. Enerzijds logisch, want de klimaatverandering en de zeespiegelstijging waren nog niet politiek aan de orde laat staan de tunnelvisie op dit punt. Natuurlijk spelen de klimaatverandering en de zeespiegelstijging een rol maar als de grootste oorzaak toen werd een andere schuldige aan gewezen: de veranderingen rond de Nieuwe waterweg!
Vanaf eind vijftiger jaren van de vorige eeuw tot 1968 zijn er belangrijke ontwikkelingen geweest die de zoetwatervraag om de verzilting via de Nieuwe waterweg tegen te gaan hebben doen toenemen van circa 300 m3/s naar circa 700/800 m3/s. De uitbreiding van het havenareaal (Europoort, Botlekhavens, Eemhaven) en de verdieping van de vaarweg naar deze havens, alsmede de verdieping van de oliegeul van uit zee naar de monding van de Nieuwe Waterweg hebben het vloedvolume toen enorm doen toenemen. Dit heeft tot gevolg gehad dat de rivier zich aangepast heeft aan het toegenomen getijvolume op het traject van de rivier tussen de mond en de betreffende havens. Hierdoor ontstond een verdieping van de rivier in de periode 1958/1964 van circa 2 meter door een proces van terugschrijdende erosie op het traject Hoek van Holland – Maassluis. De verwachting in 1968 was dat dit proces voort zou gaan. Als aanpassing op dit proces werd de norm van het chloridegehalte ter hoogte van de Parkhaven (300mg/l) losgelaten en de toetsplek werd verlegd naar de mond van de Hollandsche IJssel en het advies gegeven: “de bodem van de Nieuwe Maas en de Nieuwe Waterweg te verhogen en vast te leggen.” (Bron: “De waterhuishouding van Nederland” samengesteld door Rijkswaterstaat 1968).
Gebeurde dit? Nee, het was volgens de politiek immers niet nodig en volgens Rotterdam en de havenbaronnen ongewenst. De Deltawerken kwamen er aan en het zoete water kon door de dammen gestopt worden en doorgeleid worden naar zee via de Nieuwe Waterweg. Maar de Rotterdamse groot muil werd nog groter. Sinds 1968 bleven er gewoon havens bij komen. Dit leidde er toe dat van oude afspraken steeds minder terecht kwam. Als voorbeeld de geschiedenis van de afspraken rond het Volkerak-Zoommeer: “Direct na de afsluiting in 1987 werd het Volkerak-Zoommeer doorgespoeld met water uit het Hollandsch Diep (zoet), teneinde op korte termijn te kunnen beschikken over zoet water voor de regionale watervoorziening in de omliggende gebieden. Hierdoor daalde het gemiddelde chloridegehalte van het Volkerak-Zoommeer binnen één jaar tot de gestelde norm van 0,4 g Cl/l. Het handhaven van deze chloridenorm wordt geregeld door middel van een doorspoelbeheer vanuit het Hollandsch Diep. Zoutaanvoer vindt nog plaats als gevolg van schutverliezen, zoute kwel en uitspoeling uit buitendijkse gronden. In 1993 werd de chloride norm bijgesteld tot 0,45 g/l. Door deze verhoging kon de inlaat vanuit het Hollandsch Diep via de Volkeraksluizen worden beperkt…”
“In het waterakkoord is in 2001 vastgelegd gedurende het groeiseizoen te sturen op 450 mg cl/l bij de meetlocatie Bathse Brug, met uitzondering van perioden van droogte…..”
“In het “droge” jaar 2003 werd door het stopzetten van de inlaat voor doorspoeling de norm voor het chloridegehalte bij de meetpunten Bathse Brug en mond van het spuikanaal herhaaldelijk overschreden.” (Bron; pagina’s 87/88 van de Milieueffectrapport bij de Rijksstructuurvisie, oktober 2014).
Wie zijn de slachtoffers van deze zoet water honger van de Nieuwe Waterweg. De boeren en tuinders van Zuid-Holland, Zeeland en West-Brabant en de drinkwaterleidingbedrijven in laag Nederland en daarmee alle consumenten van dat drinkwater. Zij lijden de schades veroorzaakt door de verzilting in de vorm van mindere opbrengsten en hogere kosten. Natuurlijk erken ik dat Rotterdam en zijn havens voor de BV Nederland van onschatbare waarde zijn. Maar het jaar na jaar afwentelen van de verziltingproblemen op boeren, tuinders en drinkwaterbedrijven en het laten verzilten van zoete natuurgebieden zoals laagveen moerassen kan niet blijven voortduren. Het gat dat de Nieuw waterweg heet moet vergaand gedicht worden. Door sluizen die, als er gebrek is aan zoet water, geschut kunnen worden en door maatregelen. die al in 1965 en 1968 werden genoemd als alternatieven. zoals het verhogen/vastleggen van de bodem van de Nieuwe Waterweg eventueel met een drempel en luchtbellenschermen, die nu nog steeds als innovatief door Rijkswaterstaat worden betiteld maar in 1968 al in de grote schutsluizen te IJmuiden werden gebruikt (bron: pagina 33 “De waterhuishouding van Nederland” samengesteld door Rijkswaterstaat 1968).
Het wordt tijd dat de landelijke politiek zijn werk gaat doen en door krijgt dat vanaf eind jaren vijftig van de vorige eeuw de rest van Nederland gebruikt wordt als zoetwaterleverancier voor de eeuwig hongerige Nieuwe Waterweg. Rotterdam moet ophouden de problemen die haar havenactiviteiten veroorzaken af te wentelen op de rest van Nederland.
Louis van der Kallen
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