| 25-01-2015 | 12:45 uur |
(NATTE/ZOUTE) DROOM OF NACHTMERRIE – 15
Er is meer gebeurd dan de komst van de quaggamossel
De landsregering heeft de “ontwerp-rijksstructuurvisie Grevelingen en Volkerak-Zoommeer” vastgesteld en daarmee het voornemen kenbaar gemaakt een beperkt getij terug te brengen in het Volkerak-Zoommeer en deze wateren op termijn te verzilten.
In de ontwerp-rijksstructuurvisie en in bijbehorende stukken wordt steeds gesteld dat de quaggamossel verantwoordelijk is voor de sterk verminderde blauwalgproblematiek op het Volkerak-Zoommeer. En vaak wordt er dan bij vermeld dat deze verbetering niet blijvend hoeft te zijn omdat ook het quaggamosselbestand kwetsbaar zou kunnen blijken. Hiermee wordt de indruk gewekt dat zonder de quaggamossel er geen verbetering zou kunnen zijn optreden. Dat is echter slechts een deel van de werkelijkheid.
Het vaak vergeten deel is dat ook voor blauwalgen geldt dat ze alleen overvloedig kunnen voorkomen als ook hun eten in overvloed beschikbaar is. Hoe hoger de stikstof- (N) en fosfaat- (P) gehalten in het water hoe meer kans op overvloedige blauwalgengroei. De stikstofaanvoer naar het Volkerak-Zoommeer systeem is de afgelopen jaren aanzienlijk gedaald. In de milieurapportage uit 2012 zijn daarvan cijfers op de pagina’s 64/65 te vinden. Die spreken boekdelen. Was de aanvoer van stikstof in de jaren 1989/95 voor het Krammer-Volkerak nog gemiddeld 1450 kg/ha/j in de jaren 2000/2009 was dat gemiddelde gedaald naar 1000 kg/ha/j. Een daling met 31 %. Voor het Zoommeer was die daling gemiddeld zelfs 37 %. Ook de fosfaataanvoer in het Krammer-Volkerak daalde. Van gemiddeld 46 kg/ha/j in de jaren 1989/95 tot 25 kg/ha/j in de jaren 2000/2009. Een daling van 46 %. Ook in het Zoommeer was er sprake van een significante daling, zij het dat deze beperkt bleef tot 13 %. Wetgeving, zoals de nitraatrichtlijn en een ander bemestingsbeleid in de landbouw, begint steeds meer effect te sorteren. Maar er is ook sprake van een afnemende nalevering van orthofosfaat uit de waterbodems. Kortom, de hoeveelheid voedsel in het water van het Volkerak-Zoommeer voor de blauwalgen is de afgelopen jaren geleidelijk gedaald en daalt verder. Gesteld mag worden dat ook de daling van de stikstof- en fosfaatgehalten een bijdrage heeft geleverd aan de geconstateerde afname van bloei van blauwalgen. De totale waterkwaliteit van het zoete Volkerak-Zoommeer is al jaren aan het verbeteren en er is geen reden om aan te nemen dat die geleidelijke verbetering nu zou stoppen.
Louis van der Kallen
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