| 02-06-2019 | 08.14 uur |
OVER WATER 183: WATER EN CULTUURHISTORIE
Ik lees veel tijdschriften, waarin ik soms iets leerzaams tegen kom over water. Deze maand was dat het januari nummer van het tijdschrift van de Rijksdienst voor het cultureel erfgoed. De kop was “Historische kaarten helpen bij overlast”. Met als inleiding: “Last van te veel water in de stad? Of juist te weinig? Kijk dan eens op oude kaarten hoe de grachten vroeger liepen. Grote kans dat gedeeltelijk herstel van de historische waterhuishouding de problemen helpt oplossen”. Het artikel is geschreven door Hanna Pennock, Menne Kosian en Ellen Vreenegoor.
De schrijvers maken duidelijk dat in historische kaarten van oude watersystemen veel logica te vinden is, die bruikbaar kan zijn bij de aanpak van kwetsbare locaties. Gemeenten moeten kwetsbare locaties in beeld brengen als het gaat om wateroverlast, hitte en droogte. Binnen het Deltaprogramma heef het Rijk hiervoor een stresstest ontwikkeld.
In het artikel pleit De Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed er voor cultuurhistorische en bodemkundige informatie in deze test te betrekken. Het erfgoed biedt kansen. Cultuurhistorische kennis is wezenlijk om de logica van oude watersystemen te ontrafelen en zo knelpunten en kansen in beeld te brengen. Veel knelpunten van nu, zoals wateroverlast of het gebrek aan water, lijken te worden veroorzaakt door het veronachtzamen van oude structuren. Vrijwel al onze steden zijn in de middeleeuwen aan waterlopen of rivieren ontstaan. Sindsdien is er veel veranderd. Van oudsher speelden de bodem en het water een grote rol in de keuzes die we maakten. Oude systemen kunnen nog altijd een rol van betekenis spelen. Kennis over het verleden kan dan ook inzicht bieden in het watersysteem en aanknopingspunten voor toekomstige oplossingen. Soms zijn plekken kwetsbaarder geworden, omdat er niet altijd optimaal in de waterhuishouding is ingegrepen. Daarom kan cultuurhistorie een aanvullende kennisbron zijn bij de klimaatstresstest. In het artikel wordt verwezen naar een studie van historische kaarten van Hoorn. Er werd aan het licht gebracht dat er in Hoorn van oudsher drie verschillende watersystemen waren, met drie verschillende waterpeilen.
Bij de herinrichting van het stationsgebied kan daar rekening mee gehouden worden om te voorkomen dat de stad nieuwe problemen met de waterhuishouding krijgt. Een ander in het artikel beschreven voorbeeld, betrof het oude centrum van Lith. Oude kennis bracht de oplossing voor een water op straat probleem. Ook studies van historische kaarten rond Weert.
Op de site www.topotijdreis.nl is te zien wat er de laatste 200 jaar ook in uw plaats met water en bebouwingen is veranderd. Soms levert oude wijsheid mogelijke oplossingen voor het teveel of te weinig water. Onze voorgangers waren zo gek nog niet. Verdedigingswerken, keermuren, sluizen en watermolens werden vrijwel altijd op de meest geschikte plek gebouwd. Koppel deze informatie aan gegevens over de ondergrond en aan klimaatscenario’s van www.klimaatefectatlas.nl en met de kennis die er binnen de gemeente en het waterschap is, dan komen er meer oplossingsrichtingen om te komen tot een beter functionerende waterhuishouding binnen handbereik.
De Rijksdienst heef één en ander uitgewerkt in een brochure; “Cultuurhistorie als kennisbron voor de klimaatstresstest”. Het is het lezen zeker waard!
Louis van der Kallen
dank voor de leuke reactie1
De link naar het genoemde artikel in het Tijdschrift van de Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed is toegevoegd.
link naar het tijdschrift
https://www.cultureelerfgoed.nl/publicaties/publicaties/2019/01/01/tijdschrift-van-de-rijksdienst-voor-het-cultureel-erfgoed-februari-2019
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