| 05-09-2022 |
Het meeste zoete water passeert Nederland immers nog ongebruikt.
Zeeland snakt naar zoet water. Wat is er fout gegaan? Het oorspronkelijke Deltaplan voorzag de gevolgen van verzilting en zeespiegelstijging waar we nu tegen aan lopen.
Een zoet Zeeuws Meer werd ontworpen en zou bestaan uit de Grevelingen en de Oosterschelde. Het is helaas niet uitgevoerd, omdat de Haagse politiek zwichtte voor het maatschappelijk verzet en daarbij het doel zoetwatervoorziening grotendeels los liet.
Zo maakte de angst voor verandering alles zout. Zeeland is zouter dan ooit en de verzilting van het grondwater heeft het kritieke punt bereikt. Deze provincie wordt het zwaarst getroffen bij droogte.
Door klimaatverandering en zeespiegelstijging zal de verzilting versneld toenemen.
Als Zeeland nu niets doet, nemen waterveiligheid en leefbaarheid schrikbarend af.
De alarmbellen rinkelen en iedereen voelt de noodzaak tot handelen. Wordt het niet de hoogste tijd om de indertijd terzijde geschoven plannen opnieuw te overwegen?
De protesten van de opkomende milieubeweging die streefde naar behoud en van de vissers en schelpdierkwekers die vreesden voor hun boterham, maakten zo’n indruk dat tegen de wens van Rijkswaterstaat Den Haag indertijd overstag ging. Met de beste bedoelingen werd gekozen voor zout, maar met de kennis van nu zou men dit nooit besluiten.
Realiseren we wel dat het meeste zoete water ongebruikt via een open Nieuwe Waterweg in zee wordt geloosd? Bij hoge afvoeren spuien de Haringvlietsluizen de overvloed in zee. Wanneer we een deel van dat spuiwater gebruiken kunnen de Zeeuwse wateren verzoeten.
De waterschappen verkondigen al jaren dat we af moeten van een systeem dat alleen water afvoert en dat we dienen te kiezen voor een systeem dat ook water vasthoudt. Afname van zowel de natuurwaarden van de Zeeuwse zoute wateren als van de leefbaarheid van Zeeland maken duidelijk dat indertijd de keuze voor zout misschien niet zo verstandig was. Door dit beleid wordt de zoetwatervoorziening van Zeeland steeds problematischer, vooral voor natuur en landbouw. Warme en droge zomers zijn eerder regel dan uitzondering. Ingrijpende en betaalbare maatregelen zijn nodig voor een klimaatbestendig Zeeland.
Voor de provincie Zeeland, die ernaar streeft de eerste klimaatbestendige regio te worden, is het belangrijk het op zout gerichte waterbeleid aan een heroverweging te onderwerpen. De maatregelen die het Zeeuws Deltaplan Zoet Water voorstelt zijn van een te lokale aard en vragen hoge investeringen. Het zou goed zijn de uitgangspunten en effectiviteit van de voorgestelde maatregelen nog eens tegen het licht te houden.
In de zeventiger jaren werd bij de Deltadienst de verzoeting van zowel de Grevelingen als de Oosterschelde volledig voorbereid. De zoute wateren kunnen in enkele maanden worden verzoet (zie illustratie). De zwaardere zoute onderlaag wordt eenvoudig bij eb naar zee geheveld in perioden dat er voldoende rivierwater beschikbaar is. Zo verdringt het zoete water het zout zonder dat er sprake is van menging.
Er is door het jaar heen meer dan voldoende zoet water beschikbaar om de Zeeuwse wateren te verzoeten. Andersom, in droge tijden met weinig rivieraanvoer, is de zoetwatervoorraad te liften door tijdelijk zout water aan de bodem binnen te laten.
Zo krijgen we een ruime zuidwestelijke zoetwatervoorraad die we op een flexibele wijze het hele jaar door op peil kunnen houden. Voor mens en natuur is het de meest vriendelijke methode met zeer veel voordelen. Bovendien is deze methode geheel CO2-neutraal.
Ze behoeft geen extra energie, omdat ze werkt met het getij. Een voorbeeld van samenwerken met de natuur. Voor de toekomstige waterveiligheid is het van belang dat ‘het zoete Zeeuwse Meer’ als noodberging voor hoge rivierafvoeren kan fungeren.
Meer over dit alles is te vinden in de artikelen, rapporten en berekeningen op de website www.adviesgroepbormenhuijgens.nl onder de rubriek Zuidwestelijke Delta.
Al beschouwen veel Zeeuwen de aanwezigheid van zoute wateren als een voldongen feit, als de wateren niet zoet worden, wordt Zeeland onleefbaar. Verzoeting geeft waterkwaliteitsverbetering en meer biodiversiteit. Het geeft een antwoord op langere perioden van droogte die we kunnen verwachten. Een robuuste oplossing, natuurvriendelijk, relatief goedkoop en klimaatbestendig.
We gaan in Nederland gezamenlijk de transitie aan naar een klimaatbestendige en circulaire economie. De overheid moet daaraan sturing geven en tevens het algemene belang beschermen. Geen bestuurlijk onvermogen, maar durf, visie en initiatief. Alle sectoren waaronder landbouw, natuur, recreatie, visserij, logistiek, wonen en industrie zullen moeten inspelen op de veranderingen die komen. Zo kunnen visserij en schelpdierkweek hun werkwijze aanpassen of hun bakens zeewaarts verzetten.
We benadrukken dan ook met klem om de verzoeting van het Grevelingenmeer zo spoedig mogelijk ter hand te nemen. We staan wat betreft Zeeland immers met de rug tegen de muur. Er is genoeg zoet water voor Zeeland. Gebruik het! Sluit de kust en verzoet!
Wil Borm
Adviesgroep Borm & Huijgens – integraal waterbeheer
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