| 30-10-2014 | 12:15 uur |
NADEREND ONHEIL VOOR HET VOLKERAK-ZOOMMEER
Eb en vloed op het Volkerak. Het stond in vele kranten en is zelfs opgenomen in de ontwerp-rijksstructuurvisie Grevelingen en Volkerak-Zoommeer. Men wilde indertijd met verzilting op goedkope wijze blauwalgen bestrijden. Deze visie is echter gebaseerd op een verkenning uit 2002 en 2003.
Door vermindering van fosfaat en nitraat, is de waterkwaliteit inmiddels sterk verbeterd. Blauwalgen zijn vrijwel verdwenen en de natuur ontwikkelt zich in de goede richting. De noodzaak tot verzilting is dan ook volledig van de baan. Men heeft zich echter zo sterk op het verzilten gericht dat we haast zouden vergeten dat niet de zoute variant, maar de zoete en getijloze variant, de voorkeursvariant is van het ontwerp-MER Waterkwaliteit Volkerak-Zoommeer.
Kraanvogels
Het Markiezaat, een belangrijk natuurgebied aan het Zoommeer, wordt beheerd door het Brabants Landschap en ontwikkelt zich tot een duurzaam natuurgebied. Jaarlijks strijken er honderdduizenden trekvogels neer en het broedvogelaantal neemt zienderogen toe. Het behoort als gevarieerd moerasecosysteem tot de vijf belangrijkste vogelgebieden van Nederland. Vanaf 2013 tonen zelfs kraanvogels belangstelling voor het natuurgebied Markiezaat. Alle natuurbeschermers en biologen zouden dan ook een gat in de lucht moeten springen. Kraanvogels komen echt niet zomaar naar een willekeurig natuurgebied. Dat moet immers aan vele voorwaarden voldoen. Maar in plaats van de vlag uit te steken blijft het nog muisstil bij de natuurorganisaties. Ze lijken verstrikt in de plannen voor de Grevelingen en het Volkerak-Zoommeer. Deze zijn echter gebouwd op luchtkastelen en vernietigen ook het prille kraanvogelbiotoop.
Gesmoord door een herenakkoord
Begin 2009 kwamen onder meer enkele burgervaders en de programmadirecteur Zuidwestelijke Delta tot een ‘herenakkoord’ om het Volkerak-Zoommeer te verzilten. Dit zette meteen de toon. De hierop volgende Werkconferentie Zuidwestelijke Delta werd zwaar gemanipuleerd. Na uitbesteding verscheen het Uitvoeringsprogramma Zuidwestelijke Delta en later volgde het Manifest Waterpoort. Beide bedenkelijke rapporten voerden de politieke druk richting Den Haag zo hoog op, dat de minister onlangs verzilting van het Volkerak-Zoommeer heeft voorgesteld.
Toenemende kosten
De geraamde kosten van verzilting zijn inmiddels van 250 gestegen naar 350 miljoen euro, een bedrag waarvan overigens pas een derde is toegezegd. En bij deze kosten blijft het niet, want de voorzieningen en de oeverbescherming zijn niet berekend op getij en de diepte van de vaargeulen zijn afgesteld op een peil van ± nul NAP en moeten uitgebaggerd worden. En hoe zit het met de doorvaarhoogte bij de bruggen? Tal van zoetwatermaatregelen zijn na de verzilting nodig om het voorzieningenniveau op een minimaal peil te houden. Zeeuwse eilanden moeten aan het zoetwaterinfuus worden gelegd, om droogte en verzilting enigszins te voorkomen.
Schadeclaims zullen volgen
Een getijloze en zoete Schelde-Rijnverbinding is een van de verworven zekerheden van de Deltawerken en als dit gaat veranderen, zullen vanuit de havenbedrijven en scheepvaart schadeclaims volgen. Het binnendijks karakter verdwijnt, met alle gevolgen voor de infrastructuur en waardevermindering van onroerend goed. Ook van waterschappen, landbouw en industrie zijn claims te verwachten en de repeterende schade voor toerisme, visserij en schelpdierkweek wordt enorm. Bijna een halve eeuw na de Deltawerken, nu de natuur hier een nieuw evenwicht nadert, gaat door de voorgenomen verzilting het hele milieu er aan. Ongetwijfeld zal ook de natuurbescherming bij de overheid aankloppen voor de ontstane schade en de reeds gemaakte kosten.
Dood en verderf
Nu is het Volkerak-Zoommeer ook nog eens aangewezen als eerste noodberging. Deze te kleine en kwetsbare noodberging gaat nooit goed functioneren en veroorzaakt bij elk gebruik een milieuramp. Zoet water wordt immers op een zout milieu geborgen. Het ecosysteem zal afsterven en de stank van dode vis is dan niet te harden. Het gebied wordt keer op keer een regelrecht sterfhuis, met uitstoot van CO2 en methaan (moerasgas). Verzilting en verzoeting zorgen voor een herhaling van rampen. Wie kiest er nu voor een strategie waarbij het ecologisch evenwicht telkens weer wordt verstoord!
Beperkt getij zonder toekomst
Het belangrijkste natuurdoel van het Nationaal Waterplan is estuariene dynamiek. Men suggereert deze doelstelling door zout en getij in het Volkerak-Zoommeer binnen te halen, maar van enig toekomstperspectief naar een estuarium is hier geen sprake. Er blijft immers een harde grens tussen zout en zoet bij de Volkeraksluizen. De doorlaat van de stormvloedkering was al bij aanleg onvoldoende voor een stabiel milieu in het resterende Oosterscheldebekken. Het zal dan haast onmogelijk blijken om ook nog eens op het Volkerak-Zoommeer (beperkt) getij te realiseren via een doorlaat in de Philipsdam. Een landinwaarts uitstervend stukje zeegatdynamiek voegt niets toe aan natuurwaarden. Het is niet te verklaren waarom het Deltaprogramma kiest voor een volkomen zinloze inrichting, in plaats van te gaan voor een integrale oplossing met de Zuidwestelijke Delta als één estuarium.
Conclusie
De loze plannen voor het Volkerak-Zoommeer verhogen het risico dat verzilting doordringt tot in het Brabantse land, vergroten de wateronveiligheid en veroorzaken onvoorspelbare milieuwisselingen. Erger kan je het niet maken. En weer de overheid als opdrachtgever die kennelijk niet in staat is om te leren van vastlopende projecten zoals de Fyra en de Betuwelijn. We zijn op weg naar ‘nieuwe Kamervragen’, want het debacle van de Zuidwestelijke Delta is volop in de maak. Waterschappen en gemeenten, die momenteel hun achterstallig onderhoud nog kunnen laten meefinancieren, houden zich alsnog koest. Jammer dat wederom de belastingbetalers voor de kosten op mogen draaien en de gevolgen niet te onderschatten zijn.
Dat waterspecialist Louis van der Kallen uit Bergen-op-Zoom een petitie is gestart tegen verzilting is dan ook geen verrassing: https://www.petities24.com
Iedereen zou deze moeten ondertekenen om het naderend onheil te weren.
Wil Borm
Cor Huijgens
Adviesgroep Borm & Huijgens
integraal waterbeheer – oktober 2014
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