| 09-09-2020 |
Plan nieuwe sluis in de Brouwersdam in de Hompelgeul.
De minister van I&M heeft 30 november 2019 groen licht gegeven voor de planontwikkelingsfase van een sluis die zou moeten resulteren in een substantiële verbetering van de waterkwaliteit en de onderwaternatuur van het Grevelingenmeer. Tevens wil men zo 600 ha. nieuw intergetijdengebied maken. Hierbij is (nog) geen rekening gehouden met andere waterloopkundige inzichten.
Eerder is betoogd dat deze sluis eigenlijk niets voor het (vermeende) waterkwaliteitsprobleem van het meer kan betekenen. Verder speelt de aantasting van de natuurlijke opbouw van het kustfundament aan de zeezijde van de dam en de verstoring van de vrije recreatie aan die zijde. Een forse opening in deze klimaatbestendige dam en primaire waterkering zorgt voor een kwetsbare plek en verder oplopende verziltingsdruk door de stijgende zeespiegel in het meer.
Het enige doel van de sluis lijkt het maken van intergetijdengebied op het meer. Door deze 10x zo grote sluis als de Brouwerssluis ontstaat een weinig opvallend tijverschil van ca. 40 cm (slechts 15% van het vroegere tijverschil), dat weinig zegt over de getijstroming in het meer. Als er van deze sluis gebruikt gemaakt wordt om met turbines elektriciteit (waterkracht) op te wekken, moet bedacht worden dat de hiervoor gebruikte getijdenenergie niet meer beschikbaar is voor het getij op het meer.
De geconcentreerde stroming door de sluis zorgt voor de jetstroming, die binnen enkele honderden meters in de omgeving van de sluis vertraagt door menging met het daar aanwezige water. De beschikbare getijenergie wordt hier verbruikt in nagenoeg puur in horizontale richting en vermindert de gelaagdheid niet. Buiten deze mengzone zoekt het water het eigen dichtheidsniveau op. Van reanimatie van het meer als zodanig is geen sprake, integendeel.
Dat een 10x zo grote sluis de gelaagdheid zal verminderen en leidt tot het vergroten van de verticale menging, zoals door de overheid wordt gedacht, is onjuist. Het ontwikkelen van gelaagdheid zal doorgaan en de stikstofbelasting vanuit de Voordelta op het meer zal ca. 5x zo groot worden. (Rydberg & Lases) Bovendien is de plaats van de sluis in de Hompelgeul, de ondiepste oude zeegeul, onlogisch. Daar ligt het waterkwaliteitsprobleem niet. Dat probleem doet zich juist in de zomer voor in de oude diepe zeegeul, het Browershavense Gat.
De gebruikte berekeningsmethodiek is gebaseerd op getijdenenergie, een veel te algemeen begrip om de effecten in het meer te voorspellen door nieuwe infrastructurele maatregelen. De waterbewegingsprocessen (zie VII) in het meer en hun effecten, zoals interne golven, kunnen door deze methodiek niet in beeld gebracht worden en is daarom ongeschikt voor het beoordelen van de waterkwaliteitsproblematiek.
Momenteel mist de overheid nog waterloopkundig inzicht en kennis op het gebied van mengingsverschijnselen en dichtheidsstroming om tot een goed oordeel te kunnen komen.
Gestreefd zal worden naar een gemiddeld peil van NAP-0,30m. Hoe lager, hoe beter i.v.m. het verziltingseffect. Hoe lang kan men dit volhouden? Wat is de toegevoegde ecologische waarde van dit kunstmatig zo zout mogelijk gehouden meer in relatie tot een wereld waarin 97% van alle water echte zoutwater natuur is?
Ir. W.B.P.M. Lases.
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