| 10-09-2020 |
Bijkomende effecten sluis in de Hompelgeul.
De bedachte sluis in de Hompelgeul werkt tegen een klimaatbestendig zoetwaterbeleid, het algemeen belang, en zorgt voor een toenemend zoutwaterpeil op het meer tot de Grevelingendam i.p.v. niet verder dan de Voordelta. De eerste tijd zal het zoute meer wel op het beoogde peil van NAP -0.30 m te houden zijn, maar dat is eindig. Naarmate de zeespiegelstijging sneller gaat, zal het moment eerder komen, dat de sluis dicht gezet moet worden om te voorkomen dat de eilanden overspoeld raken met zout water. Overigens constateerden Wattel (1996) en Hoekesema (2002), dat er zich diverse situaties zich op het meer voordoen waarom de sluis tijdelijk gesloten moet zijn, zoals door hydrologische omstandigheden, visserij en broedende vogels. Daarnaast zal de sluis frequenter gesloten moeten worden vanwege minder hoge vloeden dan alleen stormvloed. Wat dragen deze verstoringen in combinatie met het beoogde zeer beperkte getij bij aan een nu nog stabiel ecosysteem?
De gedachte om in de toekomst met pompen de waterspiegel op een maximaal toelaatbaar peil te kunnen handhaven, kan men vergeten. Dat kost een vermogen aan energie. Het zal de energieopbrengst van een waterkrachtproject in de sluis overtreffen. Bovendien is het ook niet de bedoeling van zo’n waterkrachtproject om het daarvoor te gebruiken.
In het noordwestelijk gebied voor de Brouwersdam wordt gestaag een kustfundament door de zee opgebouwd tegen de dam. Een enorme vooroever, die de bescherming sterk verhoogd en veel body geeft aan de dam. Een natuurlijk aan- en opzandingsproces. Dat gebied zorgt voor een grote ecologische ontwikkeling. Het is volstrekt tegennatuurlijk om dit proces deels ongedaan te willen maken en te verstoren met een toegangsgeul voor een sluis, die moet gaan voorzien in aanvullende biologische wensen op het kunstmatige meer. Het is momenteel een groot gebied voor vrije recreatie. De toegangsgeul zorgt voor zeer gevaarlijke situaties en maakt vrije recreatie over grote lengte onmogelijk.
Wat is nu eigenlijk de betekenis van die Flakkeese spuisluis voor het waterbeheer in combinatie met de geplande sluis? Het idee is, dat zo doorspoeling gerealiseerd wordt en het meer ververst. Helaas, werkt dat niet. We kennen dit soort plannen al vanuit de 15e eeuw om de verzanding van het Zwin tegen te gaan. We hebben dus ervaring en kennis waarom het niet zo werkt. (Doorspoeling en verversing is alleen te bereiken met rivierwater.) Via de Oosterschelde loopt de getijgolf richting Zijpe en vlak erna ook via het Brouwersdam richting Grevelingendam. Ergens in die omgeving botsen de twee getijgolven en ontstaat er wantij, dat een beetje heen en weer slingert. De stroming stagneert daar, maar dat wisten we al, want daarom is de Grevelingendam juist in het wantijgebied aangelegd. Ook de Flakkeese spuisluis, als deze werkt, zorgt lokaal voor en achter de sluis voor een beperkte uitwisseling door heen weer stromen door de sluis onder invloed van het restantje getij. De wind kan helpen, die uitwisseling iets uit te breiden. Net zoals tussen Voordelta en Grevelingenmeer, zal door die uitwisseling nog sterker tussen Grevelingenmeer en Zijpe een vereffening van het water aan weerszijden plaatsvinden en neemt het effect af. Deze spuisluis heeft voor het waterbeheer zo weinig zin. Hooguit lokaal iets. Overigens heeft sinds de opening in 2017 deze sluis maar enige maanden gewerkt. De invloed van de sluis is echter nooit helder bekeken. Het kan juist zo zijn, dat door een lager zoutgehalte in het Zijpe de gelaagdheid op het meer versterkt wordt.
Ir. W.B.P.M. Lases.
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