| 20-07-2017 | 11.30 uur |
ONNOZEL, ONWETEND OF BEWUST KOP IN HET ZAND?
“GIFTIGE STOFFEN IN DRINKWATER VAN ZES GEMEENTEN” was recent een ‘kop’ in het AD. In de gemeenten Dordrecht, Rotterdam, Gouda, Goeree-Overflakkee, Spijkenisse en Alblasserdam is bij meting van het drinkwater door de Vrije Universiteit de giftige stof GenX aangetroffen.
“Volgens toxicologen mag er geen GenX in het water zitten. GenX wordt geloosd door chemiebedrijf Chemours (voorheen DuPont) uit Dordrecht en komt in het oppervlaktewater terecht. GenX-stoffen worden gebruikt als vervanging van het giftige Perfluoroctaanzuur (PFOA), een grondstof voor het maken van teflon. Deze lozingen zijn door Chemours beëindigd, blijkt uit metingen door Rijkswaterstaat.” (citaat: AD).
“Drinkwaterbedrijf Evides zegt in een reactie dat de gemeten hoeveelheden nog tussen 25 en 75 maal lager liggen dan de maximumwaarden die zijn vastgesteld door de overheid. “De concentraties die nu zijn gemeten zijn dan ook niet schadelijk voor de volksgezondheid”, zegt een woordvoerster zaterdag. Langdurige blootstelling aan hogere concentraties is mogelijk wel schadelijk. Evides voert constant metingen uit in de meren en rivieren van waaruit het drinkwater wordt gewonnen. Als er nieuwe stoffen, zoals GenX in het drinkwater worden gevonden, dan wordt daarop extra gemeten. Dat levert extra kosten op voor het drinkwaterbedrijf. Hoe hoog die kosten zijn kon Evides niet zeggen. (ANP)”, aldus het AD.
Er worden al jaren analyses verricht naar allerlei ‘nieuwe’ stoffen in het water van onze rivieren en in afvalwater dat uiteindelijk via de zuiveringsinrichtingen van de waterschappen in onze rivieren terecht komt. Er komen, zo blijkt uit metingen, ruim 100.000 verschillende stoffen voor in onze oppervlaktewateren waaruit drinkwater wordt gewonnen. Ik schreef in december 2016 al over dit gegeven en de onmogelijkheid voor al deze stoffen normen te kunnen opstellen en die dan ook stuk voor stuk tegen redelijke kosten kunnen meten en reduceren. Met oxidatie en actieve koolabsorptie kunnen voor sommige van de nu gemeten stoffen soms bemoedigende resultaten worden behaald. Maar is dat genoeg? In mijn beleving zijn het grotendeels zinloze discussies tussen bestuurders en politici die zelden kaas hebben gegeten van de aard en mogelijke effecten van die meer dan 100.000 stoffen die we nu al in afvalwater en oppervlaktewateren detecteren. Voor mij is het helder: uitgangspunt zou de nul norm moeten zijn.
In april van dit jaar schreef ik over een werksessie “geneesmiddelen en microverontreinigingen” in Utrecht met o.a. lezingen van Aline Meier van VSA Zürich en Thomas Rolfs van Wasserverband Eifel – Rur uit Düren, waarin handvatten werden aangereikt hoe kosten effectief veel van de ‘nieuwe’ stoffen grotendeels verwijderd konden worden. In Nederland schuiven we de aanpak voor ons uit omdat nog niet duidelijk is welke techniek in de toekomst de beste zal blijken. Elders heeft men besloten dat de aanpak geen uitstel meer verdraagt en gaat men aan de slag met een grote variëteit aan methoden. Wel allemaal gebaseerd op twee hoofdlijnen (oxidatie en/of absorptie door actieve kool). De ontwikkeling van resistente bacteriën is voor hen één van de redenen om snel aan de slag te gaan met de aanpak van microverontreinigingen en geneesmiddelrestanten. Zelf ben ik voor een meer radicalere aanpak. Want wij weten niet wat zelfs de lage concentraties van giftige stoffen zoals GenX op de lange termijn voor uitwerking hebben op de gezondheid van mens en dier. Laat staan wat de mix van duizenden ‘nieuwe’ stoffen in ons drinkwater voor effecten heeft op onze gezondheid en die van ons nageslacht.
En het rare is de nul optie is haalbaar! In 2004 werd door het waterschap Rijn en IJssel te Varsseveld een zuivering uitgerust met membraantechnologie om van de Boven Slinge weer een gezond water te maken. Dat lukte deels door deze super zuivering. Helaas bouwde het waterschap deze zuivering weer om tot een conventionele zuivering met nabezinktanks. Bij het gebruik van membraantechnologie kan men echt alle stoffen uit het water halen tot de nul norm. Die technologie heeft zich de afgelopen jaren enorm ontwikkeld en is mede daardoor steeds goedkoper geworden en kan nog verder ontwikkeld worden. De winst voor de ecologie en de volksgezondheid is potentieel groot. Maar deels niet in geld te berekenen. Nu de politiek nog wakker en meer deskundig krijgen. Of geen drinkwater meer uit oppervlakte wateren of overgaan tot goede en effectievere zuiveringstechnieken!
Louis van der Kallen
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