| 03-03-2018 | 09.30 uur |
OVER WATER 127: MEDICIJNRESTEN IN WATER: EEN GROEIEND PROBLEEM
Mede door de vergrijzing gebruiken we in Nederland steeds meer medicijnen waarvan de resten uiteindelijk in sloten en rivieren terecht komen. Dat is niet goed voor het waterleven en problematisch bij de bereiding van drinkwater.
Ik schreef over dit onder werp eerder het artikel “resistente bacteriën en onze zuiveringen“. In Over Water 68, over de STOWA bijeenkomst op 1 december 2016, schreef ik over de mogelijke aanpak van onder andere dit probleem en naar aanleiding van het verschijnen van het rapport “Bronnen van antibioticaresistentie in het milieu en mogelijke maatregelen” van het Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM) in Over Water 105.
Volgens het Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM) komen er in Nederland per jaar circa 140.000 kilo medicijnresten in het water terecht en dat wordt mede door de vergrijzing steeds meer. In de Ketenaanpak Medicijnresten uit Water werken de Rijksoverheid, de waterschappen, de drinkwaterbedrijven, gemeenten, de farmaceutische industrie en partijen uit de zorgsector aan het terugdringen van medicijnresten in oppervlakte- en grondwater. De afgelopen periode is er veel geïnvesteerd om het probleem inzichtelijk te krijgen. Via de hotspotanalyse van onderzoeksinstituut STOWA is er een inschatting op welke RWZI’s van de waterschappen de grootste knelpunten zitten. De hotspotanalyse geeft een inschatting waar de knelpunten het grootst zijn. Bijvoorbeeld locaties met relatief veel lozingen op een klein water of beek. Ook specifieke functies, zoals bijvoorbeeld oppervlaktewater als bron voor drinkwaterbereiding, zijn hierbij van belang. Regionaal vraagt dit om nader onderzoek en analyse. Experimenteren en kennis delen zijn belangrijk. Het verschilt per gebied welke keuzes er gemaakt zullen moeten worden. Regionaal kan het nodig zijn om extra te zuiveren. Het is dan wel nodig dat de veroorzaker van het probleem, de farmaceutische industrie, een bijdrage levert aan de kosten van het extra zuiveren. Maar hier ligt ook een taak voor de burger (geen medicijnen weggooien via het riool), ziekenhuizen en de verzorgingsinstellingen (aparte opvang van urine). Een gezamenlijke aanpak bij de bron – wat er niet in komt, hoeft er ook niet uit – past hierbij en voorkomt onnodige lozingen naar riool- of oppervlaktewater. Hier ligt een taak voor iedereen!
Louis van der Kallen
Wat ook frappant is is dat bij het prepareren van injecties, het te veel aan substantie gewoon in de goot gespoten wordt. Dit leert men al op de opleiding. (Of het gaat via het opvanggebeuren daarna de gootsteen in).
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