| 13-10-2018 | 09.30 uur |
OVER WATER – 158: VERHARDINGEN, HET KAN EN MOET ANDERS
De afgelopen honderd jaar is de groei van steden versneld en is mede om redenen van volksgezondheid het afvoeren van het afvalwater en het hemelwater door middel van ondergrondse riolen in stedelijk gebied de standaard geworden. Door de veranderingen in het klimaat zal de intensiteit van buien toenemen met grotere neerslaghoeveelheden met overbelasting van de riolen als gevolg. Ook ontstaat het inzicht dat schoon hemelwater niet in ondergrondse riolen en voor veel geld afgevoerd en gereinigd hoeft te worden. Water moet de bodem in! Infiltratie van het regenwater in de bodem helpt bij de noodzakelijke vermindering van hittestress. Water in de bodem werkt door verdamping koelend in warme perioden. In stedelijk gebied is veel oppervlak verhard omdat het onderhoud dan goedkoper zou zijn. Maar water door riolen afvoeren kost ook geld en de schaden door wateroverlast nemen ook toe. Nederland zal op een andere manier met regenwater om moeten gaan. Dat kunnen overheden niet alleen. Ook de hulp van burgers is nodig te beginnen met de eigen tuin en het eigen dak van huis of schuur.
Wat kunnen burgers zelf? Wat tips.
- Eruit die tegels (operatiesteenbreek). Gras is een goed alternatief. Bij langdurige hitte wordt uw omgeving dan ook nog eens minder warm en koelt het in de zomernachten beter af.
- Ook houtsnippers, waterdoorlatende tegels, grind, schelpen en cacaodoppen zijn goede tegel vervangers.
- Ontkoppel de regenpijp en sluit die aan op een vijver of regenton.
- Gebruik regenwater om het toilet door te spoelen.
- Zet wormen uit in je tuin. Zij verbeteren de grondstructuur zodat de grond beter water kan opnemen.
- Creëer hoogteverschillen in de tuin zodat het water van bijvoorbeeld een terras makkelijk afvloeit naar een lager gelegen deel waar het water in de grond kan trekken.
- Kies planten die veel water verdampen en regenbestendige soorten, zoals munt, lavendel, pinksterbloem, gagel, kardinaalsmuts of bomen zoals de meidoorn, de knotwilg of een plataan.
- Kies voor een groen dak of gevelbeplanting. Ze leveren ook een bijdrage aan de aanpak van hittestress.
Maar ook gemeenten moeten aan de slag met bijvoorbeeld de toepassing van waterdoorlatende verhardingsmaterialen. Te denken is aan: grasbetonstenen, poreuze klinkers, klinkers met open voegen of losse materialen als grind, steenslag, schelpen of houtspaanders. Maar ook combinaties zoals mengsels van steenslag en gras en open bestratingspatronen. Als er meer ruimte is en de bodem geschikt, kan hemelwater ook van daken en verharde oppervlakken direct naar grasvelden, plantsoenen, wadi’s of oppervlaktewateren als brand- en hemelwatervijvers geleid worden ter infiltratie. Ook aangelegde infiltratie-stroken/kratten/putten en grindbakken/koffers, waterpleinen en groene daken kunnen afhankelijk van de situatie goede alternatieven zijn. Positieve effecten kunnen zijn: aanpak verdroging natuur, vermindering hittestress, verbetering luchtkwaliteit, verbetering van de biodiversiteit en verhoging van de belevingswaarde van een meer groene omgeving.
Binnen steeds meer gemeenten komen raadsleden en wethouders met ideeën om de verstening aan te pakken. Ik schreef eerder een artikel over het idee ’tegeltax’ een idee van een Aalburgse wethouder. Nu kwam ik in het vakblad Riolering een artikel tegen met de titel “Limiet stellen aan verstening bij kaveluitgifte”. De CDA fractie van de gemeenteraad van Dalfsen heeft het college van B&W van Dalfsen gevraagd om de mogelijkheden te onderzoeken, om bij kaveluitgifte het aantal m2 verharding te maximaliseren. Ik vind dat een goed idee en passend in het streven van overheden om het stedelijk gebied klimaatadaptief te maken. Een andere route volgt de gemeente Son en Breugel. Daar wordt een voorstel besproken om de rioolheffing te differentiëren. Verlaging/beloning voor burgers en bedrijven die verharding verwijderen.
We moeten het samen doen en bedenk dat als vrijwilligheid niet werkt ’tegeltax’ een reëel alternatief kan worden.
Louis van der Kallen
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