| 25-08-2020 |
Het streven van de provincie is volgens de startnotitie van het Zeeuwse Deltaplan Zoet Water om Zeeland in 2050 te voorzien van een robuust zoetwatersysteem, zodat men zelf weerbaar is. Enerzijds door het maken van zoetwaterbergingen (natuurlijke bergingen prima), anderzijds door de aanvoer van zoetwater via pijpleidingen. Is het verwachtingspatroon van dit streven niet erg optimistisch? De verziltingsdruk op het grondwater blijft verder toenemen. Met kunstmatige maatregelen zullen de gevolgen van het verziltingsbeleid verzacht worden en zal er een vorm van beperkte weerbaarheid ontstaan. Het blijft een soort pijnstilling zonder de oorzaak van die toenemende verzilting aan te pakken waar dat kan. De term robuust is in dit verband moeilijk te begrijpen. De vraag naar aanvoer via die leidingen zal almaar verder toenemen. Het zal steeds meer energie vergen. Kan deze niet natuurlijke aanvoer steeds gegarandeerd worden met de benodigde energie?
Wat is nu die veel grotere meerwaarde van een zoet Grevelingenmeer. Door een zoet meer wordt de grens van de verziltingsdruk teruggebracht van de Grevelingendam naar de kust (Brouwersdam). Het zal als buffer functioneren tegen de toenemende verziltingsdruk vanuit zee. Het zoete meer stopt de huidige verziltingsinvloed van het meer op het grondwater van Schouwen-Duiveland en Goeree Overflakkee en natuurlijke afname van de verzilting van het grondwater wordt in gang gezet. Het biedt een optimale bescherming tegen verzilting van het aanliggende land en het achterland. Het is van cruciaal belang voor Schouwen-Duiveland. Het kan vanuit het zoete meer een flexibel en heel duurzaam zoetwaterbeleid voeren met als basis de huidige infrastructuur. Tot op heden nog onmogelijk. Tevens stopt de zoutbelasting vanuit het Grevelingenmeer naar het Volkerak-Zoommeer. Voor de Brouwerssluis zal een zgn. dichtheidsscherm gebouwd moeten worden om eerst het meer te ontzilten (in een aantal maanden) en om later op gezette tijden bij te dragen aan een optimaal zoetwaterbeheer. Er is nog lang nalevering van zoute kwel naar het meer. Het dichtheidsscherm is vanwege de geometrie van het meer een redelijk omvangrijke constructie. Het zorgt er voor om selectief het water aan de bodem van het meer naar de voordelta af te voeren. Als zich later voor de Brouwerssluis aan de bodem zouter water verzamelt, omdat het zwaarder is, zal dat als eerste worden afgevoerd.
Binnen de mogelijke peilvariaties op het meer kan het peil opgezet worden in tijden van hogere afvoeren en gebruikt worden tot het laagst toelaatbare peil in tijden van droogte. Als die droogteperiode langer duurt, kan overwogen worden om dat laagste peil vast te houden door (zout)water uit de voordelta aan de bodem in te laten om zo, binnen grenzen, langer van het zoete water gebruik te kunnen maken. Zodra via hogere afvoeren weer over zoetwateraanvoer beschikt kan worden, wordt als eerste de binnen gelaten zoute onderlaag afgevoerd. Het zoetwaterbeheer van het meer is zo erg flexibel.
Voor die natuurlijke aanvoer van zoetwater naar het meer moet de nog niet aangelegde sluis in het noordelijk deel van de Grevelingendam worden aangelegd. Daarnaast spelen de mogelijke peilvariaties op het zoete Volkerak-Zoommeer een rol en hoe die optimaal te krijgen. Een zoet Grevelingenmeer is de meest duurzame oplossing. Door de toenemende verziltingsdruk uit zee zal het meer op lange termijn vertraagd verzilten met een veel lager zoutgehalte als nu. Zo werkt deze buffer voor de zeer lange termijn ook beschermend voor de Brabantse Delta.
Ir. W.B.P.M. Lases.
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