| 29-05-2022 |
De afgelopen maanden was de ‘droogte’ veel in het nieuws. Dat is terecht maar tegelijkertijd zit er in dat nieuws foute en onvolledige informatie. Wat ik jammer vind is dat al jaren 1976 wordt genoemd als het recordjaar. Dat is een fout die al jaren wordt gemaakt en alle media papegaaien elkaar na. Wat ik ook doe, een mail richting die media en de scribenten van de berichten, de fout blijft. 1921 kenden ruim 27 % minder neerslag dan 1976.
Over de droogte van 1920-1921 heeft Ad Vermaas in 1996 in de Weerspiegel (het blad van de Vereniging voor Weerkunde en Klimatologie) een buitengewoon goed leesbaar stuk geschreven, dat nog steeds actueel is.
Als je een integraal idee wil hebben van de gevolgen van droogte en een idee moet hebben welke variaties het klimaat kent dan is het van belang de data op orde te hebben. Het is duidelijk dat het klimaat veranderd. De dertigjaargemiddelden van temperatuur en neerslag variaties spreken boekdelen. Maar bij het veranderen van het klimaat is droogte effecten op de landbouw niet het enige waarmee we rekening zouden moeten houden bij het uitdenken, formuleren en vaststellen van nieuwbeleid. 1920/1921 kende een extreme droogteperiode van ZESTIEN MAANDEN. Met in die periode een gemiddelde neerslag van nog geen 50 % van de gewoonlijke neerslag. Met enorme gevolgen. Niet alleen voor de landbouw en de drinkwatervoorziening maar door extreem lage rivierstanden ook voor de scheepvaart op onze rivieren.
Ook in Nederland worden de schaderisico’s voor vastgoed (bodemdaling), landbouw, natuur, arbeidsprestaties en transport steeds duidelijker. In onze delta blijkt de kans op extreem laagwater op onze rivieren – onze transportassen – snel toe te nemen en dit met enorme gevolgen. De Rijn was vroeger een echte smeltrivier waar regenwater zeker in de zomer een ondergeschikte rol speelde. Met het smelten van de gletsjers wordt in de zomer voor de bevaarbaarheid van de Rijn het regenwater steeds belangrijker.
De afgelopen jaren was de Rijn steeds vaker beperkt bevaarbaar met alle gevolgen voor het goederentransport over het Rijn-Waal systeem. In de droge zomer van 2018 leden Duitse industriële bedrijven zoals Thyssen-Krupp en BASF, die voor hun grondstoffen en halffabricaten in hoge mate van vervoer over water afhankelijk zijn, grote schades. Voor de Europese en Nederlandse economie zou dit moeten betekenen dat we gaan nadenken over de toekomst van het vervoer over water en met name hoe de bevaarbaarheid van het Rijn-Waal systeem ook in de zomer kan worden geborgd. Als kanalisatie en stuwing van ons riviersysteem een reële optie wordt voor de toekomst moeten onze bestuurders wel in de juiste mindset komen. Dat wil allereerst zeggen: de juiste informatie krijgen.
Leverden de lage waterstanden van 2018 forse problemen op voor de scheepvaart. De waterstanden in 1949 en 1921 waren nog veel lager!!!!
In 1920/1921 lag de Duitse industrie in het Ruhrgebied op zijn gat. De Duitse economie maakte een crises door en de geallieerde (Frankrijk en Engeland) hadden in het kader van ‘herstelbetalingen’ het Ruhrgebied grotendeels ontdaan van zijn industrieel vermogen.
Op in 1949 was het transport over water naar het Ruhrgebied niet wat het nu is. Het platgebombardeerde Ruhrgebied had zich nog niet hersteld van de vernietiging van het industriële vermogen en was het transport over water een schim van wat het nu is.
Als de lage waterstanden van 1921 of 1949 zich nu zouden voordoen. Komt het transport over water vanaf Rotterdam over de Rijn in hele grote problemen en daarmee kan de economische motor van Rotterdam en haar achterland vrijwel stil komen te vallen. De Betuwelijn is dan niet meer dan een druppel op een gloeiende plaat!
De Maas was altijd al een echte regenrivier. Daarom is al meer dan honderd jaar geleden die problematiek opgepakt om de scheepvaart en de continuïteit van het goederentransport op de Maas te borgen door kanalisatie. Het wordt tijd dat er echt over de mogelijke gevolgen van de ‘droogte’ op het transport over water wordt nagedacht. Waarbij kanalisering van de Rijn en de mogelijkheid van afsluiten van de Nieuwe Waterweg middels sluizen bij de scenario’s betrokken zouden moeten worden.
Louis van der Kallen
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