| 25-11-2015 | 01:25 uur |
ONGEZOUTEN KRITIEK OP PLANNEN GREVELINGEN EN VOLKERAK
Om een eigen doel te bereiken signaleert men eerst een probleem, bij voorkeur een milieuprobleem. Er wordt geconstateerd dat er sprake is van slechte waterkwaliteit, van areaalverlies of van verloren waarden. Het aanpakken ervan klinkt idealistisch en onbaatzuchtig en is een goed middel om een breed draagvlak te verwerven. De eigen plannen worden aangedragen als de oplossing, waarbij tevens een rooskleurig toekomstbeeld wordt voorgespiegeld. Vervolgens drukt men het eigen doel door.
Vaak lukt het ook nog om subsidiebronnen aan te boren. Dat maakt de realisatie goedkoper en met een beetje creativiteit kan men zelfs van een rendabel project spreken. De werkelijke kosten worden verhuld en de onderbouwing stoelt op halve waarheden. Heel wat natuurorganisaties, projectontwikkelaars en overheidsinstanties werken al jaren met deze succesformule en welvaartsgeld verdwijnt zo in een bodemloze put. Dat ook de Rijksstructuurvisie Grevelingen -Volkerak-Zoommeer deze werkwijze niet schuwt, illustreert ir. W. Lases in onderstaand artikel.
Natuurlijke gelaagdheid in de Grevelingen
Door verbinding met de Noordzee via een kokersluis blijft het Grevelingenmeer in hoge mate zout. Die kokersluis was eigenlijk ontworpen om het Grevelingenmeer zoet te maken en te houden. In het verlengde van een veranderd beleid inzake de Oosterschelde is indertijd ook de beslissing genomen om het meer vooralsnog zout te houden en niet zoet te maken. Een zoet Grevelingenmeer zou echter niet alleen voor Schouwen-Duiveland, maar voor de hele Zuidwestelijke Delta van grote betekenis zijn. Kenmerkend voor zo’n groot en diep zoutwaterbekken, komt er zowel thermische- als zoutgelaagdheid voor. Gelaagdheid is een fenomeen van alle diepere meren in Nederland en geeft een zuurstofloze onderlaag. In het Grevelingenmeer bevinden zich in het westelijk deel twee oude diepe zeegeulen. De zuidelijke geul is het diepst, meer dan 35 meter. Het grensvlak ligt op 16 meter diepte (stichting Anemoon 2013) met een overgang van afnemend zuurstofgehalte vanaf 9 meter. Ook is waargenomen dat het omhoog kwam tot ca. 6 meter onder het oppervlak. Er is geen reden te bedenken waarom dit nog verder omhoog zou komen.
Van sommige beleidsmakers mag deze natuurvorm niet bestaan en daarom wordt de gelaagdheid plots als een ‘waterkwaliteitsprobleem’ aangemerkt. Nu wil men met een brede bres van 4 meter diep in het noordelijk deel van de Brouwersdam gedempt getij brengen op het Grevelingenmeer. Wettigen de beperkte belangen zo’n fundamentele grote ingreep die honderden miljoenen kost en waarbij de weg naar een zoet Grevelingenmeer in de toekomst onmogelijk wordt?
Gelijk met de uitvoering van de bres in de Brouwersdam wil men turbines voor getijdenenergie plaatsen. Dit project zal zelfs met extra overheidssubsidie en alle voorinvesteringen nauwelijks rendabel kunnen zijn. Bovendien is onbekend wat voor schade die turbines aan de zeedieren toebrengen. Men verwacht, dat het getij door de bres een zodanige menging teweeg zal brengen, dat de zuurstofloze laag wordt opgeruimd, maar dit zal niet het geval zijn. Wel zal het grensvlak van de zuurstofloze onderlaag omlaag worden gebracht. Er zijn echter andere mogelijkheden om dit te bewerkstelligen, zoals het aanbrengen van een dichtheidsscherm voor de kokersluis. Zo’n scherm is aan de onderkant open en zuigt als een stofzuiger in de laagwaterfase het zuurstofloze water aan de bodem naar de Noordzee en in de hoogwaterfase wordt zuurstofrijk water vanuit de Noordzee naar de onderlaag gevoerd. Deze keuze is veel goedkoper en houdt de toekomstmogelijkheid van een zoet Grevelingenmeer open.
Objectivering ook noodzakelijk bij het Volkerak-Zoommeer (VZM) Een ‘waterkwaliteitsprobleem’ kan zich al voordoen als onder de gegeven omstandigheden de waterkwaliteit naar het gevoelen van de mens een negatieve wending neemt en men er last van krijgt. Objectivering is daarom een eerste vereiste. Men constateerde blauwalgenbloei in een beperkte periode van de zomer op het VZM. Esthetisch niet prettig en het kan huidirritatie veroorzaken. Elke milieuomslag kenmerkt zich door tijdelijke explosieve groei van enkele organismen. De kunst is geduld te hebben met de natuur en er zoveel mogelijk met de vingers van af te blijven. Intussen is door het ontstane natuurlijke evenwicht van het zoete milieu de blauwalgenbloei sterk afgenomen. Wat men een waterkwaliteitsprobleem noemde, was in wezen een ecologische eruptie. Bij verzilting ligt wederom een vergelijkbare plaag, ditmaal van zoutresistente blauwalgen, voor de hand. Blauwalgen kunnen dan ook geen reden zijn voor zo’n drastische maatregel als verzilting. Dan blijft de stelling over, dat men zoet water zou besparen en dat er op termijn te weinig zoet water zou zijn om aan het afgesproken criterium van max. 450 mg Cl’/l te voldoen. Men vergeet dat er vóór de aanleg van de delta-infrastructuur veel meer zoet water van de grote rivieren ten goede kwam aan de Zeeuwse wateren, waardoor er een grote schakering aan lagere zoutgehaltes was, van belang voor het grondwater en de zoetwaterhuishouding op de eilanden. Men vergeet dat men aan het potverteren gaat van een gemengde overgangslaag in de bodem, die een buffer vormt tegen een te snelle verzilting. Men rekent zich ten onrechte rijk en waarvoor? Voor een schijntje meer zoet water voor Midden en West Nederland? Tevens wordt door een zout VZM een zoet Grevelingenmeer onmogelijk. Het benodigde zoete water om het VZM zoet te houden is er wel degelijk. Men verlaat nu zonder noodzaak een zoetwaterzone en brengt bewust verzilting verder het land in.
Kritiek op loze plannen
Met het Manifest Waterpoort en het lobbyen voor een getijdencentrale in de Brouwersdam lag er binnen de kortste keren een rijksstructuurvisie voor de regio, dat nog sneller tot stand kwam dan het Uitvoeringsprogramma Zuidwestelijke Delta. We mogen intussen concluderen dat zowel een bres in de Brouwersdam als een zout Volkerak-Zoommeer onnodig en ongewenst zijn. Maar inspraak blijkt een wassen neus en de plannen worden kost wat kost doorgezet. In kringen van biologen is de noodzaak van een zout VZM omstreden en Vlaanderen wenst het ook niet. De weerstand en de kritiek op de planvorming is hevig en groeit. Aanvankelijke voorstanders raken overtuigd van het feit dat verzilting weinig goeds kan brengen.
Gelukkig komt er op dit soort loze plannen steeds meer ongezouten kritiek vanuit regionale milieugroepen,waterschapspartijen, politiek, agrarische belangen en ideële organisaties. Het einde van ondoordachte planvorming en opportunisme moet dan ook in zicht komen.
Ir. Wil Lases
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