| 03-08-2020 |
De Unie van waterschappen is aan het nadenken over nieuwe voorstellen tot aanpassing van de heffingen ter bekostiging van de werkzaamheden van de waterschappen. Ik schreef daar in 2018 al eens over. Voor (goede) Ideeën daaromtrent is het soms goed om eens naar het verleden te kijken. Recent schreef ik over het betalen voor het vasthouden van water door de latere gebruikers daarvan in de zeventiende eeuw.
Het lijkt wel of het een wet van Meden en Perzen is dat het bovenstroomse gebied altijd kosteloos mag lozen op het benedenstroomse. Immers het is een ‘natuurlijke’ gang van zaken dat water naar beneden stroomt. Daar dachten ze in vroeger tijden anders over.
Zo is het leerzaam het verslag “Informatie roerende den Verdroncken Waert in Zuijthollant anno 1521” te lezen van de in opdracht van Keizer Karel V ingestelde onderzoekscommissie naar het feitelijke gebruik van het gebied van de in 1421 tijdens de Sint-Elisabethsvloed ondergelopen Grote Waard waarvan circa 387 vierkante kilometer van de 543 vierkante kilometer grote polder aan het water was prijsgegeven. Frederik van Renesse, Jasper Lievensz., Vincent Cornelisz., Thielman van Dullekom en Jacob Stalpaert maakten werk van hun opdracht en namen getuigenissen op van 242 personen teneinde helder te krijgen over “wie deed wat waar, en wie betaalde voor dat gebruik aan wie?” De achterliggende reden was dat de Keizer wilde weten wat hem toekwam, of – anders geformuleerd – wat van hem werd “gestolen” en door wie?
In die tijden werd betaald in harde pecunia (geld), goederen (opbrengsten van het land, de jacht of de visserij) en diensten (arbeid).
Zo blijkt uit het verslag dat Heusden en Oosterhout – hoewel gelegen buiten de Grote Waard – een sluis onderhielden die water loosde vanuit de Grote Waard als vergoeding voor het water dat uit hun gebied werd geloosd op de Grote waard. Uit een verklaring (nummer 146) van Wouter Loer Wouterszoen te Besoijen en de verwijzing naar een oorkonde van 1415 blijkt helder dat de graaf van Holland de ingezetenen van het Brabantse Waalwijk, Baardwijk, Drunen, Nieuwkuik en Onsenoort opdracht geeft hun deel van de ‘Heidijk’ – als onderdeel van de zuidelijke dijkkring van de Grote Waard – goed te onderhouden ‘om die van verderfelycke scade voort te behoeden’. Zouden zij in gebreke blijven dan konden zij afwatering van hun landen via het lager gelegen Hollandse gebied wel vergeten ( Van Mieris, Groot Charterboek). De commissie had bijzondere aandacht voor de kwestie van de afwatering van Brabants water naar Hollands gebied, waarbij het goed is te bedenken dat de grens tussen het gebied onder de graven van Holland en de graaf van Nassau voor het Brabantse gebied een andere was dan nu. Hoewel keizer Karel V hun beider leenheer/landsheer was, waren de financiële belangen van hun beiden bepalend voor hun afspraken.
Kortom voor afwateren werd betaald!
Wat ook leerzaam was dat het ontlopen van wat des ‘keizers’ was van alle tijden is. De commissie was ingesteld om de boekhouding, leenrechten, claims en de onderbouwing van de claims helder te krijgen. Voor gebruik moest wel betaald worden. En net als nu als er vele jaren (circa 80) een potje was gemaakt van handhaven (in termen van nu “gedoogd”) was er veel recht te zetten. Het stuk is het lezen meer dan waard. Het is te vinden in het boek ‘Nijet dan water ende wolcken’ uitgegeven door de stichting Zuidelijk Historisch Contact Tilburg in 2009 (ISBN 978-90-70641-89-4).
Louis van der Kallen
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