| 15-02-2022 |
De projectontwikkeling Hedwigepolder en PFAS problematiek.
Oftewel, hoe is het gesteld met de zorgplicht van onze betrokken overheden?
Het is ook vreemd, dat als men niet weet wat ons boven het hoofd hangt en gewaarschuwd is voor de gevaren, men toch door wil gaan met graafwerkzaamheden aan de zeedijk van de Hedwigepolder in het gesloten seizoen voor dijkwerkzaamheden. De Hedwigepolder loopt niet weg. Er is echt geen vluchtgevaar. Laat eerst alle overheden op het PFAS-terrein hun werk doen en dan kijken of er groen licht gegeven kan worden. Overheden zijn heel traag als ze met een echt probleem zitten, maar dat is dan een feit. Het kan toch niet zo zijn, dat zonder dat de gemeente Hulst geïnformeerd was, men stilletjes maar met dat afgraven begonnen is, terwijl het eerst voor dit najaar op de agenda stond. Opvallend is, dat het waterschap een uitzondering heeft gemaakt om toch een vergunning te geven, terwijl de nieuwe inlands gelegen zeedijk nog niet is goedgekeurd. Bovendien wil men alle schorren aan de voet van de zeedijk afgraven, terwijl juist voor het wegzakken van ondiepe estuariene natuur door de verdieping van de zeevaartgeul natuurcompensatie werd geëist. Heel opmerkelijk en nergens voor nodig.
Er is op dit moment volstrekt onvoldoende kennis op welke wijze en in welke mate de PFAS-verontreiniging in de Hedwigepolder plaats zal vinden. Gezien de aard van de verontreiniging met zijn gevaren voor de voedselketen is zorgvuldigheid geboden. Toch wilde gedeputeerde Pijpelink en de projectontwikkelaar snel doorgaan met wat men propageert als zijnde ‘natuurherstel’, ondertussen de daarmee gepaard gaande PFAS-verontreiniging monitoren en dan wel zien wat de gevolgen zijn. Dat is onverantwoord. De zorgplicht van de overheid is in het geding. Gelukkig onderkenden de leden van provinciale staten dat wel: een pas op de plaats. Het biedt zo ook de mogelijkheid tot een nadere bezinning.
Een moment van herbezinning is altijd goed. Zeker als zich geregeld zaken voordoen, die afwijken van wat de Raad van State voorgehouden is. Het doel van dit project heiligt niet alle natuurvernietiging, die daar al plaats vindt. Opvallend is dat de gedeputeerde en diverse statenleden steeds de propagandaleus ‘natuurherstel’ gebruiken. Waar het om ging was natuurcompensatie van ondiepe estuariene natuur, die diepere estuariene natuur was geworden als gevolg van het extreem verstoren van de evenwichtsdiepte c.q. evenwichtsprofielen van de Westerschelde door de 2e verdiepingsronde. Er is namelijk geen estuariene natuur als geheel verloren gegaan. De term natuurcompensatie kwam, vond men, in de propaganda niet krachtig genoeg over en men ging het natuurherstel noemen. Die compensatie kun je alleen maar vinden in de Westerschelde zelf. Daar heeft het waterschap uitstekende overvloedige mogelijkheden voor aangedragen. Zelf heb ik zandsuppleties op platen in de verschillende morfologische eenheden voorgesteld (tegenwoordig zandmotors genoemd). Maar dat was niet in het eigen belang van de natuurinstituties. Reden waarom de haven een duivels akkoord kon sluiten met de instituties door ze weg te laten kijken van wat er met de Westerschelde verder gebeurt in ruil voor eigen zingeving om van hooggelegen poldergronden zee te kunnen maken.
Welk natuurherstel vindt hier dan plaats? Het onnatuurlijk ontworpen inrichtingsplan van de Hedwigepolder is dat niet. De situatie, die ze willen maken heeft nooit bestaan. Bovendien was het gemiddeld zoutgehalte vóór de eerste verdiepingsronde van de zeearm Westerschelde daar nog zeer laag, zoet, nu 4000 mg Cl’/l. Effect bewuste verzilting. Ook het fabeltje dat er zo veel ingepolderd is volstrekt onjuist. Er is juist door de militaire inundaties heel veel polderland in de Westerschelde verloren gegaan. Daarna begon het terug opslibben van het geïnundeerde Land van Saeftinghe door de natuur als herstel van de uit zijn evenwicht geraakte situatie. Vervolgens werd eerst een gedeelte, de Prosperpolder, weer terug bedijkt. Daarna in het begin van de 20e eeuw de Hedwigepolder (in volle glorie ca. NAP + 2m) en de Emmapolder. Dan is het toch van de zotte dat je tegen de natuur in daar een heel sluftergebied gaat ingraven met een diepte van de geul bij de Scheldedijk van NAP – 2m. Alleen maar om meer getijvolume binnen te laten stromen. Dan heb je er als ecologisch ontwerper dus niets van begrepen. Dat slibt weer op en het inrichtingsplan verdwijnt er onder, behalve bij de gaten in de Scheldedijk. Het houdt zichzelf niet in stand.
Wel zal het ontpolderde en afgegraven land zorgen voor het afvangen en bergen van slib voor de haven van Antwerpen. Uiteraard is de haven hier content mee. Het is geen natuurherstel functie.
En wat is het natuurherstel dan voor de Westerschelde? Die gaat gewoon verder achteruit. Door de extreme verstoring van het bodemprofiel door de zeevaartgeul vindt er tegennatuurlijk sedimenttransport over de bodem plaats richting Antwerpen. We verliezen continu grond uit de Westerschelde aan de Zeeschelde als reactie op die verstoring. In dat sedimenttransport (slib en zand) zit ook PFAS. Wat komt daarvan rechtstreeks dan in de afgegraven Hedwigepolder? Voorts hebben we de waterafvoer naar zee ter grootte van de afvoer van de Schelde riviertjes. Dat is dan bezoedeld door o.a. de verontreinigingen van 3M al dan niet gebonden aan het slib in suspensie. Nu stelt die afvoer niets voor t.o.v. het getijvolume bij de Hedwigepolder van ca. 130 miljoen m3, terwijl de gemiddelde Scheldeafvoer ruim 4 miljoen m3 per getijperiode bedraagt. M.a.w. met eb gaat er 65 +2 miljoen m3 stroomafwaarts en met vloed 65-2 miljoen m3 stroomopwaarts. Dat betekent dat een waterpakketje van bovenstrooms eerst een stap stroomafwaarts neemt om vervolgens met vloed ruim 30 stappen terug te doen en met eb ruim 30 stappen +1 stroomafwaarts te doen. Dat pakketje stroomt dus langs die Hedwigepolder zo’n 30 getijden heen en weer alvorens de Hedwigepolder voorbij te kunnen komen. Door het project wordt extra getijvolume gecreëerd. Dat water zal straks ook de Hedwigepolder binnen komen en er tijdelijk verblijven. Door de stroomluwte kan het slib in suspensie met PFAS neerslaan. En juist dat water hoger in de waterkolom draagt verreweg het meest bij aan de komberging/lediging. Het zou onverantwoord zijn de Scheldedijken van de Hedwigepolder door te steken zonder gedegen onderzoek van tevoren. Het feit dat de provinciale overheid toch nog met die gedachte speelt om dat gewoon te laten gebeuren, als dit project onder het misleidende motto van ‘natuurherstel’ maar kost wat kost snel door kan gaan, kan er bij mij niet bij. Dat past toch niet bij een zorgvuldig opererende overheid. Men denkt kennelijk nog dat er land te veel is en zee te weinig. Het is geen ruimte voor de rivier, zoals door biologen wel beweerd wordt!
Het zou goed zijn ook pas op de plaats te maken met verdere vergravingen in de diepte van dit polderland. Het draagt niet bij aan een natuurlijk gebruik.
Ir. W.B.P.M. Lases
15 februari 2022
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