| 17-03-2021 |
De provincie Zeeland is ver over tijd met haar eerste pogingen om wat zorg te tonen voor zoet water en is zelf verantwoordelijk voor de onhoudbare situatie van de zoetwaterhuishouding op het eiland. Ze houdt echter halsstarrig vast aan omringende wateren met een maximaal zoutgehalte.
Op 10 en 11 maart verschenen een tweetal artikelen, die de problemen rond de beschikbaarheid van zoet water nog eens pijnlijk aan de oppervlakte brachten. Enerzijds in H2O Actueel ‘Aanvoer zoet water op Schouwen-Duiveland vergt miljoeneninvestering’ en op Omroep Zeeland ‘Geacht Kabinet: ‘Zoet water is van levensbelang voor boeren’. H2O doet verslag van de verkenning door ingenieursbureau Witteveen + Bos naar zoetwateraanvoer via pijpleidingen naar Schouwen-Duiveland in opdracht van de provincie. Omroep Zeeland doet verslag van ervaringen van de laatste droge zomers en de hoge nood aan zoet water verwoord door Nicole Gijzel, akkerbouwer.
Er zijn weinig zoetwaterbellen op Schouwen-Duiveland. Het grondwater is over het algemeen brak, waardoor het maken van zoetwaterputten geen zin heeft. De noodkreet van Nicole Gijzel laat zien, dat de provincie zich te lang heeft opgesloten in zijn zoutwatercocon en het primaire belang van zoet water voor de mens steeds heeft genegeerd. Het kwaad is al geschied en lange tijd aan de gang. De provincie is ver over tijd met haar eerste voorzichtige pogingen om wat zorg te tonen voor zoet water. Echt zoetwaterbeleid voeren zit er vooralsnog niet in. De zoute wateren en de gemaakte zoutwatermilieus in het Zeeuwse land lijken daarvan geen schade te mogen ondervinden. Andersom doet de provincie het voorkomen alsof de schade wat betreft zoetwaterproblemen wel meevalt. Men handhaaft het primaire zoutwaterbeleid en het stimuleren van zoutwatermilieus op het land. Het bekendste project op Schouwen is plan Tureluur. Het versterkt de verzilting van het grondwater.
Hoewel in de delta het gedrag en de invloed op elkaar van zoet- en zoutwaterbeleid niet te scheiden zijn, zoekt de provincie nu toch eenzijdig doekjes voor het bloeden op de eilanden voor het zoete water. Men wil daarmee uitstel kopen om zoetwaterbeleid nog niet primair te hoeven stellen. In het artikel van H2O wordt enerzijds gedacht aan lokale oplossingen, zoals druppelirrigatie, opslag van regenwater in bassins en bodem of hergebruik van restwater, anderzijds aan de aanvoer van zoet water van elders via pijpleidingen. Witteveen +Bos heeft in opdracht van de provincie naar de mogelijkheden van die aanvoer een verkenning uitgevoerd. Uit het verhaal van de akkerbouwer blijkt al, dat van de eerste groep aan geopperde mogelijkheden weinig verwacht mag worden. Hooguit hier en daar iets lokaal. Dat de variant van de Noorder Krammer voor kunstmatige zoetwateraanvoer afvalt is logisch, want de Noorder Krammer heeft o.a. last van verzilting door het zoute Grevelingenmeer. De meest logische variant is het Haringvliet, maar zal tevens wel de duurste zijn. De kosten van de 6 varianten variëren van 40 tot 180 miljoen euro. De jaarlijkse gebruikskosten, denk aan energieverbruik, worden geraamd op 0.8 tot 3,6 miljoen. De provincie is van die formidabele bedragen geschrokken en gaat kijken naar de haalbaarheid o.a. door na te gaan in hoeverre de boeren financieel willen bijdragen aan de zoetwateraanvoer. Kan men het als overheid ‘nog zouter maken’?
Het kunstmatige Grevelingenmeer was van oudsher (Deltaplan) bedoeld als zoet meer. Oorspronkelijk ook de Oosterschelde. Was dit gerealiseerd dan waren we nu niet in deze problematiek verzeild geraakt. De provincie houdt echter halsstarrig vast aan wateren met een maximaal zoutgehalte. Zo houden de Oosterschelde en Grevelingen het grondwater van Schouwen-Duiveland in een verziltende wurggreep. De provincie is zelf verantwoordelijk voor de onthoudbare situatie van de zoetwaterhuishouding op het eiland. Wel heeft men honderden miljoenen uit de algemene middelen over voor aanvullende wensen voor zoutwatermilieus, waaronder een nieuwe 10x zo grote sluis in de Brouwersdam, maar wil men niet ruiterlijk de kosten aanvaarden voor alle schade die aangericht wordt. De natuurlijke aanvoer van rivierwater onder vrij verval wordt als ongewenst geblokkeerd. De reden dat daar onvoldoende water voor zou zijn, is gezocht en niet juist.
Men zal er niet aan ontkomen om zoetwaterbeleid primair te stellen en de kwestie fundamenteel aan te pakken. De hoge kosten van kunstmatige externe aanvoer via pijpleidingen geeft daar extra aanleiding toe. Een zoet Grevelingenmeer door wateraanvoer via Hollands Diep, Volkerak en Krammer is heel goed realiseerbaar. Het zoete Grevelingenmeer heeft een fundamentele betekenis voor de zoetwaterhuishouding van Schouwen-Duiveland en is de meest duurzame benadering. Er is een onbegrijpelijke overwaardering voor landinwaartse zoute milieus. Het is dringend gewenst, dat daar een realistische kijk op komt. Wel is de zoutwater visserij dan in het gedrang, maar de visstand, in dit geval met zoetwatervissen, zal aanzienlijk toenemen. Het Grevelingenmeer is geen natuurlijk meer.
Het project van de nieuwe sluis in de Brouwersdam is als aanvullende voorziening door zoutwaterbiologen gewenst, m.n. voor het creëren van een lint van intergetijdennatuur langs het meer met een klein getijverschil van 30 cm. Voor het gevoelde waterkwaliteitsprobleem van de in de zomer beperkt optredende zuurstofloze onderlaag is deze sluis niet nodig. Er zijn daarvoor andere eenvoudige mogelijkheden. Het is bovendien twijfelachtig of deze daar een positieve invloed op kan uitoefenen en weinig klimaatbestendig. Het zoute meer zal instabiel gedrag blijven vertonen. De kosten van de sluis worden geruimd op 150-200 miljoen euro. Daar komen nog eens die 100-180 miljoen bij voor externe aanvoer van zoet water. Tezamen een investering van 250-380 miljoen voor het zoute Grevelingenmeer.
Voor een zoet meer zijn een dichtheidsscherm voor de Brouwerssluis en een zoetwatersluis in de Grevelingendam voor verbinding met de Noorder Krammer nodig. Dit is een relatief eenvoudige sluis voor alleen de aanvoer van zoetwater in de orde van grootte van de Brouwerssluis. Een vrije schatting van de investeringskosten komt op 50-100 miljoen. Tel uit je winst. Een zoetwater meer biedt een gezonde basis voor natuurwaarden en is in het algemeen belang van de mens om te kunnen overleven in de delta.
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