OUDE WIJSHEID


| 29-03-2021 |

 

Ons land kent 95 dijkringen. Die beschermen ons tegen het buitenwater zoals de zee, de meren, rivieren en beken. Dat zijn de ‘natte’, wakende dijken of keringen. Maar de geleidelijke inpoldering door de eeuwen heen heeft in ons landschap vele sporen in de vorm van dijken achtergelaten. Die ‘droge’ dijken kennen (lokaal) verschillen de namen zoals slaper, binnendijken, middeldijken en meeldijken.

Voor de dertiende en veertiende eeuw had men de gewoonte om die ‘droog’ geworden dijken, die voor het ogenblik geen dienst meer deden weg te graven en het materiaal te hergebruiken en daarmede kosten te besparen. Een kwade gewoonte die tot gevolg had dat bij een stormvloed doorbraak van dijken de gevolgen groter waren dan onvermijdelijk. In grote delen van het land waaruit de binnendijken, zoals voormalige zeedijken waren verdwenen had zulk een ramp dan natuurlijk een grotere omvang dan bij het inlopen van een enkele polder.

Dat opruimen der binnendijken werd voor Holland en Zeeland door Filips de Goede van Bourgondië in 1452 verboden, maar in het algemeen had men ze reeds veel vroeger uit welbegrepen eigenbelang laten liggen. De jongere eilanden zoals Noord-Beveland, Overflakkee en de Hoeksche Waard kennen mede daardoor een netwerk van dijken. Vaak is nog te zien welke van de twee aaneensluitende bedijkingen de jongste is, namelijk die aan de zijde met de flauwste dijkglooiing. Dat was vroeger de buitenzijde van de zeedijk.

In de afgelopen zeventig jaar, waarin enorm veel infrastructurele werken tot uitvoering zijn gekomen, is vaak geen of onvoldoende rekening gehouden met de slaperfunctie van binnendijken. Nu de meerlaagsveiligheid een begrip aan het worden is binnen de waterschappen, de gemeenten en Rijkswaterstaat wordt het tijd voor een grondige analyse van de situatie van de ‘slapers’. Bestuurders van waterschappen en gemeenten moeten wakker worden op dit punt. Kust de slapers wakker en neem de oude wijsheid van Filips de Goede en zijn adviseurs serieus.

 

Louis van der Kallen.


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